The dark figure of crime refers to
crime that is not reported to the police.
Victimogenesis refers to
the contributory background of a victim that makes him/her prone to victimization
Victimization appears to be a significant risk factor for future involvement in crime for
women
Which factor contributed to a dramatic increase in crime in the U.S. in the 1960s and 1970s?
The baby boom
Which of the following is most likely to result in a victim of a violent crime experiencing high levels of distress?
Being injured during an armed robbery
__refers specifically to a situation in which an individual is subject to multiple instances of varied victimizations
Polyvictimization
A husband and wife are the victims of securities fraud and lose a large sum of money. As a result, they can no longer afford to pay their child's tuition at university. The child is a(n)
secondary victim.
The majority of street robbers target
individuals involved in lawbreaking
A stalker who sees the victim as a soul mate is probably a(n) __________ stalker.
intimacy seeking
According to Groth's typology of pedophiles, __________ are adult pedophiles who engaged in planned sexual acts with children and whose behavior is not necessarily influenced by drugs or alcohol.
fixated offenders
The transit workers with the greatest risk of robbery are
taxi drivers
Which type of workplace violence accounts for the majority of workplace homicides?
Violent acts by criminals otherwise unconnected to the workplace
________ refers to how robbers who target drug dealers devote a significant amount of resources to minimize the likelihood of coming into contact with their victims after the crime.
Hypervigilance
The female serial killers who killed on the orders of Charles Manson were examples of __________ killers.
disciple
Which of the following is an example of a nonprimary homicide?
Two men meet in a bar and get into an argument over the Super Bowl, during which one man stabs and kills the other.
Which of the following types of robbery is most likely to be affected by crime prevention strategies?
Robberies on mass transit
_______ are conditions, usually situational, which increase the likelihood of a violent outburst but are not necessary to produce that response.
Facilitators
Which of the following is a mission-oriented serial killer?
An offender who kills victims he believes to be evil
Premeditated murder is
first degree murder.
Property crimes are often investigated from the perspective of __________ theories.
rational choice
The primary motivation for the crime of joyriding is
fun
A fence commits the crime of
receiving stolen property
One of the best ways to address both shoplifting and employee theft is through
technology
During the __________ period of a property offender's criminal career, rehabilitation efforts are most likely to fail.
stable
Children between the ages of 8 and 12 mainly start fires
due to underlying psychosocial conflicts.
Changes in the rates of robbery and burglary in the U.S. in the 1980s have been linked to
an increased demand for crack cocaine
Most employee theft of cash or merchandise is committed by _________ employees.
short-term
The 1998 Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act
made identity theft a federal crime.
A fence specializes in stolen video games, which he integrates into the legitimate inventory in the video game store he operates. This makes him a _________ fence.
fully covered
Which of the following is most likely to be a low-level burglary?
A juvenile who commits crimes impulsively, usually works with others, and is easily deterred by security devices such as alarms
The majority of individuals involved in arson are
juveniles
A(n) ___________ receiver is most likely to be used by high-level burglars
professional
Property crimes are often investigated from the perspective of __________ theories.
rational choice
The single most important piece of federal legislation that specifically targets organized crime activities is
RICO
Among the various types of prostitutes, the ________ commands the lowest prices and runs the highest risk of arrest.
streetwalker
Most cocaine entering the United States originates in
South America.
Unlawful activity undertaken and supported by organized criminal groups operating across national boundaries is known as ________ organized crime
transnational
The 2001 ________ Act gives the SEC the authority to bar dishonest corporate directors and officers from ever again serving in positions of corporate responsibility.
Sarbanes-Oxley
Why can't drug abusers just summon up the willpower to stop taking drugs?
Drug abuse is a disease that affects the brain and the ability to stop
Edwin Sutherland applied elements of ________ theory to white-collar crime.
differential association
The Pure Food and Drug Act
required manufacturers to list their ingredients
To what exactly did the concept of white-collar crime originally refer?
Crimes committed by persons of high social status using their occupational positions for illegal gain
Currently, the concept of white-collar crime focuses on the
nature of the crime
Why is AIDS/HIV considered to be a cost associated with drug use?
A large percentage of HIV infection is linked to intravenous drug use
The obstruction of justice conviction of the accounting firm of Arthur Anderson is an example of ________ crime.
corporate
The most commonly used illicit drug is
marijuana.
________ are produced by slightly changing the chemical makeup of illegal or controlled substances
Designer drugs