What are the characteristics of development influenced by
context and environment
Maturation of the CNS contributes to
Skill development
Typical progression from the neuromaturational view
cephalo to caudal- proximal to distal- mass to specific- gross to fine
Movement requires what system
sensory system
Dynamic systems theory
performance or action patterns that emerge from eh interaction and cooperation of many systems both internal and external to the child
Stages of development & their ages
embryo (conception to 8 weeks gestation), fetus (end of 8 weeks until birth), neonate (birth to one month of age), infant (one month of age to 18months), early childhood (18 months to five years of age) , middle childhood (five years of age until pubescen
Stages of prenatal development and the weeks they are associated with
germinal (first two weeks), embryonic (3-7 weeks), fetal (8-12 weeks until birth)
Ectoderm
nail, hair, skin, sensory organs, neural tube
Endoderm
digestive system, liver, pancreas, and respiratory system
What months make up each trimester
1st (1-3) 2nd (4-6) 3rd (7-9)
What are the three stages of birth
uterine contractions, head moves through cervix into vaginal canal and emerges out of mothers body, umbilical cord and placenta are expelled
Average weight and length of a newborn
7 lbs and 20 inches
physiological flexion of a newborn
UE- adducted and flexed, Les flexed and pelvis high
preclampsia
condition during pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, fluid retention, proteinuria
Placenta abrutio
premature separation of placenta from uterine wall
placenta previa
low uterine attachment, near cervix, results in preterm birth and fetal distress at and before delivery
placenta abrupto
placenta separates from uterus- usually 3rd trimester, 75% separation fetus can die
What does APGAR stand for and what is considered a normal score and what would require immediate assistance
appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration (7-10 normal) (lower then 3 immediate assistance)
Neonatal risk factors
low five minute APGAR, seizures, congenital anomalies, fetal waste aspiration (meconium), central vascular problems
intrapartal risk factors
breach position, prolonged labor, use of forceps, vacuum extraction, umbilical cord prolapse
Umbilical cord prolapse
umbilical cord comes out of the uterus with or before the fetus
Respiratory distress syndrome (pulmonary immaturity/deficiency) is the #1 cause of _____ mortality and morbidity in _______ infants
neonatal & preterm
bronchopulmonary dysplasia (chronic lung disease) leading cause of ____ morbidity and mortality
infant
when are primitive reflexes present
present at birth and integrated by 6 months of age
what/when are pathological reflexes present
primitive reflexes that persist post-six months of age, remain un-integrated and impede development
Stages of motor learning
1. exploratory 2. perceptual learning 3. skill achievement