conversion from Celsius to Fahrenheit
F= (9/5 x Celsius) +32
conversion from Fahrenheit to Celsius
C = 5/9 (Fahrenheit -32)
without a temperature
afebrile
with a temperature
febrile
another word for fever
pyrexia
sign of some disorder within the body
fever
temp that alternates between fever and normal or subnormal reading is called
intermittent fever
temp that rises several degrees above normal and returns to normal or near normal is called
remittent fever
fever stays elevated is called
constant fever
sudden drop in fever to normal temp is called
crisis
gradually decline in temp to normal is called
lysis
fever that returns to normal for at least a day and then reoccurs is called
relapsing fever
used to perform surgical procedures reducing body temp
clinical hypothermia
life-threatening hypothermia requiring immediate treatment
accidental hypothermia
life-threatening temp for hyperthermia
108 F
life-threatening temp for hypothermia
93.2 F
oral temp is where
mouth
rectal temp is where
rectum
axillary temp is where
armpit
tympanic temp is where
ear canal
temporal temp is where
forehead
all locations for temps are covered paper or plastic cover except for what site
temporal
In taking an oral temp, if the client has smoked, eaten, drank a cold or hot beverage what is the waiting time for taking the temp
15 minutes
should you use oral temp on infants or young children
No
Should you use oral temps on suicidal clients?
No
The rectal temp is a highly accurate place for measurement of temperature?
True
The axillary temp is the least accurate area for temperature recording?
True
The axillary temperature is used frequently for obtaining temps in newborns?
True
Tympanic temp measures the thermal radiation given off by the tympanic membrane?
True
the tympanic membrane blood supply is similar to that of what heat regulating center
thalamus
the tympanic temp can be measured in how many seconds
1-2 seconds
The quickest and most non-invasive method for taking a temp is by which method
Temporal Artery Temp (TA)
What color are oral glass thermometers in the clinical setting?
Blue
what color are rectal glass thermometers in the clinical setting?
Red
Are mercury glass thermometers used in the clinical settings?
No
wave of blood that causes pulsations through the arteries is called
pulse
how often a person's heart beats per minute is called
pulse rate
abbreviation of heart rate
HR
normal pulse rate of an adult is
60-80bpm
normal pulse rate of a newborn ranges
120-140 bpm
Does the pulse rate increase with fever or an overactive thyroid gland?
True
1F increase heart rate 10bpm
true
pulse rate >100 bpm is called
tachycardia
pulse rate < 55-60 bpm is called
bradycardia
pulse volume varies with the blood volume in the arteries, strength of heart contractions and the elasticity of blood vessels
true
weak or thready pulse can be a sign of what
hemorrhage
simultaneous measurement of the apical and the radial pulse is called
apical-radial pulse
irregular in force and rhythm is called what?
dysrhythmia
feeling with the fingers is caused
palpation
listening of sounds with a stethoscope is called?
auscultation
PMI means what
point of maximal impulse at the apex of the heart
closure of the mitral and biscupid valves causes the first heart sound called what?
S1
closure of the pulmonic valve and the aortic valve causes the second heart sound called?
S2
this pulse site is used in children under 2yrs of age
apical pulse
this measurement is ordered when it is suspected that the client's heart is not effectively pumping blood
apical - radial pulse (A-R)
Is it possible for the apical pulse to be lower than the radial pulse?
No
pulse felt over the dorsalis pedis is called what?
pedal pulse
when assessing pedal pulses should you assess them bilaterally?
True
pulse located posterior to the knee
popliteal pulse
pulse on either side of the neck
carotid pulse
should you check the carotid arteries bilaterally at the same time?
No
cessation of breathing is called
apnea
normal breathing is called
eupnea
abnormally rapid >20 breathes per minute is called
tachypnea
abnormally slow breathes fall below <10 breathes is called
bradypnea
this act produced by the equalizing the pressure between the outside atmosphere and the middle ear
sighing or yawning
pressure in increased cerebral pressure on the respiratory center cause the respiratory rate to do what?
decrease
poisons in the body in uremia and diabetic coma cause respirations to do what?
increase
normal respiratory rate for newborn
30-80
normal respiratory rate for early childhood
20-40
normal respiratory rate for late childhood
15-25
normal respiratory rate for adult male
12-18
normal respiratory rate for adult female
16-20
respiration rate below 10 or above 24 breathes per minute is a sign of what?
respiratory impairment
deep labored respirations seen in diabetic coma is called?
Kussmaul's respirations
occurs when the air passageway is partially blocked is called
snoring
Occurs when air passes through secretions present in the air passages
stertorous breathing
term for difficult or painful breathing
dyspnea
unable to breath except in an upright position is called
orthopnea
spasms and edema of the bronchi is called
asthma
bluish tinge of the skin is called?
cyanosis
bluish color around the lips is called?
circumoral cyanosis
slow and shallow with gradual increase and deeper until periods of apnea is what type of breathing disorder?
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
Cheyne-Stokes respirations usually precede death?
True
what two factors determine blood pressure (BP)
cardiac output and peripheral resistance
Cardiac Output (CO) is a combination of what?
heart rate and the amount of blood pump on each contraction (stroke volume)
the resistance of blood vessels to the flow of blood is called?
peripheral resistance
loss of elasticity in the walls of the vessels is called?
arteriosclerosis
build up of plaque in the vessels is called?
atherosclerosis
if peripheral resistance is increased does the heart have to compensate by the heart pumping harder?
True
high blood pressure is called?
hypertension
low blood pressure is called?
hypotension
systolic pressure is the measure of pressure where in the heart
ventricles on contraction
diastolic pressure is the measure of pressure when the heart is what
relaxing
Korotokoff's first sound is when the heart is ?
contracting
Korotokoff's 5th phase sound is the what pressure
diastolic
Do not use an arm on an affected side of a client with the following conditions
dialysis, stent or fistula
recent mastectomy
arm injury
splint
IV line
What is a normal body temp in Fahrenheit
98.6
What is a normal body temp in Celsius
37
Oral temperature is more accurate than axillary and less accurate then rectal?
True
The rectal temperature is highly accurate because it is placed in an enclosed cavity?
True
The axillary is the least accurate because the skin surfaces in the axillary space may not come together to form a tight seal?
True
When the pulse occasionally skips a betat, this irregularity is described as an intermittent or irregular pulse?
True
The amount of blood pump with each contraction is called?
Stroke Volume
If peripheral resistance is low, the heart does not have to pump as hard, and blood pressure lowers?
True
Phase I of the Korotkoff's sounds is the systolic pressure?
True
Severe drop in BP when the client sits up or stands is called?
orthostatic or postural hypotension