orthopnea
dyspnea relieved by sitting
surfactant
lipoprotein which prevents alveolar collapse
tachypnea
rapid respiratory rate
pneumothorax
a collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity
vital capacity
volume or air exhaled after a maximal inspiration
apnea
absence of respirations
wheeze
continuous sounds produced by air passing through constricted bronchial tubes which is narrowed by thick mucus
crackle
adventitious lung sound; produced by air passing retained airway secretions or the sudden opening of collapsed airways
tidal volume
volume of air in the single inspiration or expiration
flail chest
caused by fracture of ribs or sternum
cheyne-stokes
cycles by periodic breathing where cycles increase gradually then progressively decrease
stridor
high pitched crowing
postural drainage
positioning body to facilitate drainage
eupnea
normal respiratory rate
percussion
tapping of chest wall with cupped hands to loose drainage
dead space
portion of trachea-bronchial tree which doesn't participate in gas exchange
hypoxia
decreased oxygen in the tissue
bradypnea
slow breathing(less than 10/minute)
kussmaul breathing
air hunger; deep respirations
Arterial blood gases (ABG's)
measurement of pH,PCO2,PO2
hyperpnea
abnormally deep breathing, rate increased
hemoptysis
coughing up blood
subcutaneous emphysema
accumulation of air or gas in subcutaneous tissue
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
comes on suddenly during sleep, early symptom of CHF
epistaxis
nosebleed
hypoxemia
deficiency of oxygen in the blood