consitutionalism
a system of government in which rulers share power with parliaments made up of elected representatives
absolutism
a system of government in which the ruler claims sole and uncontestable power
revocation of the Edict of Nantes
Louis XIV of France eliminated the rights granted to the Huguenots in 1598, banned all their public activities, and forced the dissenters to flee (to Brandenburg-Prussia and the Netherlands)
mercantilism
the doctrine that governments must intervene to increase national wealth by whatever means possible
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
Louis XIV's minister of France established naval trade, granted monopolies, standardized production methods, and implemented quality control; compelled craftsmen to join guilds; rescinded internal customs fees while enacting high tariffs on foreign import
Frederick William of Hohenzollern
(r.1640-1648) The Great Elector of Brandenburg-Prussia who forced his provinces to provide him with a reliable income by allowing the Junkers (his nobles) to control their serfs and be exempt from taxes so that he could tax their serfs. He also required t
Cardinal Mazarin
(1602-1661) Louis XIV's Italian adviser ruled with Anne of Austria and sold new offices, raised taxes, and forced creditors to extend their loans to the goverment. He responded to a petition from Parlement regarding taxes by arresting the members, ignitin
Leopold I
(r. 1658-1705) HRE who responded to the ravages of the 30YW by replacing mercenaries with a permanent standing army, replacing the Bohemian nobles with extremely loyal, Catholic nobles, defeating the Ottoman Turks and won Hungary with the help of the Poli
Code of 1649
Tsar Alexei passed the Code of 1649 after meeting with all the nobles at the Assembly of the land. It combined free peasants with slaves to form a serf class, restricted people to stay in their social staus for eternity, and required nobles show absolute
Tsar Alexei
(r. 1645-1676) Tsar Alexei of Russia responded to the bloody riots in response to his reforms by calling the Assembly of the Land and passing the Code of 1649. Any and all dissenters of Tsar Alexei suffered severe punishment and/or agonizing death.
Charles I
(r. 1625-1649) Charles I of England refused to call Parliament 1629-1640, passed disguised taxes, pulled the Anglican church in the Catholic direction, heavily punished dissenters at his Court of Star Chamber, tried to force the Anglican prayer book on th
English Civil War
(1642-1646) The Roundheads in the New Model Army (Parliamentary forces who were Puritan Independents and P. Presbyterians, led by Oliver Cromwell) vs. The Cavaliers (Char I's forces). At the battle of Naseby (1645), the NMA defeated Char I.
John Milton
(1608-1674) An English Puritan poet published writings supporting divorce, which were sensored by Parl.; wrote Areopagitica in 1644 in which he defended Freedom of the Press of all controversial books, because to kill the ideas in books is far worse than
The Glorious Revolution
(1688) The Tories and Whigs replaced English King James II with his Protestant daughter, Mary, and her husband, William of Orange.
English Bill of Rights
SIgned by William and Mary in 1689 and stated: they agreed to not to raise an army or levy taxes with Parl.'s consent, and to call Parl. every three years.
social contract
the doctrine that all political authority derives not from divine right, but from an implicit contract between citizens and their rulers
salon
an informal gathering held regularly in private homes and presided over by a socially eminent woman. Salons spread from France in the 1600's to other countries in the 1700's.