Henry IV
started absolutism, people were fighting civil wars in France, Henry IV became Catholic in order to make the people happy (politique), passed the Edict of Nantes to make the Protestants happy, through religious settlement, Henry IV brought peace to France
Louis XIII
nine years' old when took the throne, Marie de Medici actually ruled France, employed Cardinal Richelieu, who actually made all the important decisions of his reign, died in 1633
Duke of Sully
Henry IV's advisor, made it possible for trade, good business climate, merrchants were happy with Henry IV because of this guy, lowered the peasants' taxes, established paulettes- fees nobles paid in order to guarantee heredity, got the economy going to m
Cardinal Richelieu
made all the important decisions during Louis XIII's reign, didn't want the Habsburgs to have power in France, wanted it all to be about Catholics in France
Louis XIV
5 years old when he became king, Anne of Austria, his mom, ran France in his name, she needed help so she hired Cardinal Mazarin; Mazarin uss the same policies as Richelieu, imprisoned during the Fronde, was an absolute monarch, used propaganda, believed
Anne of Austria
Louis XIV's mom, who ran France in his name when he was little
Cardinal Mazarin
hired by Anne of Austria to help run France, used the same policies as Richelieu, but wasn't Richelieu, so the Fronde occurred which was a rebellion against his policies, and he fled from France
Bishop Jacques-Benigne Bosseut
used propaganda and examples for the Bible such as "David was king b/c God made him king, God made Louis XIV king
Marie Therese
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Madame de Maintenon
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Jean-Babptiste Combert
Louis XIV hired this guy as minister of finance, based his policies off mercantilism; maximize foreign exports, minimize foreign imports, aximize the gold and silver reserves
Michelle Tellier Louvois
French Secretary of State for War, increased the army quite a bit, made sure soldiers were paid regularly, soldiers were supplied properly, instituted promotion based on merit, young Frenchmen started to join the army
Sebastien Vauban
military engineer, changed the tactics, canon could blow through them, earthen forts, absorbs the blow, trench warfare
James I
the first of the Stuarts to sit on the throne, raised as a Presbyterian, believed in the Divine Right of Kings, had to deal with financial problems, Elizabeth left lots of debt, he was a deficit spender, Parliament controlled the budget, he upset Parliame
Duke of Buckingham
James I gave too much power to this guy, he decided which nobles would get which jobs, sold the middle class titles
Charles I
James I's son ruled from 1625-1649; believes in divine right, asked Parliament for money, parliament gave no money to him, dismissed Parliament, came up with the Forced Loan, parliament made him agree to teh Petition of Right, had Duke of Buckingham assas
Thomas Wentworth
known as the Earl of Stafford, instituted new polocy called thorough; efficiency, cut gov't employees to save money
William Laud
was an archbishop; puritans hated him, wasn't very tactful, tried to make the Episcopal system place in England and Scotland, Scots rebelled against him
John Pym
not friendly to Charles I, rallied Parliament against Charles (The Short Parliament), leader of Parliament, didn't give money to Charles
Oliver Cromwell
leader of the New Model Army, led the army against Scotland and crushed the rebellion, was a member of Parliament, in 1653, disbanded Parliament and ruled himself the Protectorate, had a budget 3x larger than Chres I, got England Jamaica, died in 1658
Thomas Hobbes
philosopher who argued for the liberty of people
Thomas Pride
led the Pride's Purge, where only Puritans were allowed in Parliament
Richard Cromwell
nicknamed "Tumble Down Dick", Oliver Cromwell's younger brother, who inherited the title of Protectorate, couldn't do it right, out of power in 1659
Charles II
Charles I's son, people cheered his return, had fled to France in the Civil War, made the English court became like the French court of Louis XIV, restored theater, restored sports, restored dancing, restored public drunkedness, called "The Merry Monarch
James II
the only problem with this guy as king was that he was openly Catholic, the M.P's who supported James were the torries, M.P.'s who didn't support James were the whigs, not moderate, believed in divine right, flaunted his Catholocismn, Parliament didnt lik
William and Mary
Parliament asked this couple to step in as the monarchs of England instead of James, during the Glorious Revolution, were Protestant, daughter and son in law of James II, had to agree to the English Bill of Rights, Stuarts
John Locke
???????
Charles II of Spain
known as "The Sufferer", product of extreme in-breeding, extremely large jaw, no heir, led to the War of Spanish Succession
Count-Duke of Olivares
court favourite (valido) of King Philip IV of Spain
Parlements
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Intendants
used to make Louis XIII more powerful, sent out to the 39 generalities, they recruited the army, kept nobles in line, the king's voice in the countryside, lessened the power of the king
Corvee
labor, often unpaid, that is required of people of lower social standing and imposed on them by their superiors (often an aristocrat or noble).
Raison d'etat
one of Richelieu's policies saying that the state can do things that are "illegal", giving the government more power to do whatever they want
The Fronde
rebellion that started in Paris and spread throughout France against Mazarin and the policies of Richelieu
dauphin
the heir to the throne in France
L'etat c'est moi
Louis XIV said this, meaning "I am the state", an absolutist idea
Versailles
Louis XIV built this, and it was pretty much an all-day party, used to domesticate the nobles, they ended up owing Louis XIV money, which was just what he wanted
Jansenists
started by Cornelius Jansen, appealed to the Huguenots because it was almost Protestant in nature, and the Huguenots rejoined the Catholic Church, Jesuits didn't like this, pope got rid of this, and Louis XIV enforced the pope's decision, all the Huguenot
Taille
this was a direct land tax on the French peasantry and non-nobles in Ancien R�gime France. The tax was imposed on each household and based on how much land it held.
Mercantilism
Duke of Sully formed this:
1) maximize foreign exports
2) minimize foreign imports
3) maximize the gold and silver reserves
The War of Devolution
(1667-1668): Louis XIV's first wife was a Spanish princess, expected a dowry, but never got it, wanted the Spanish Netherlands, Spain was no match for France. The Dutch and Sweds and English were concerned, the dutch sweds and english formed the TRIPLE AL
Invasion of the Netherlands
(1672-1678): The Dutch offended Louis XIV in the War of Devolution, The Dutch got a hero, William III of Orange, grandson of the original William of Orange, let the french go, and then opened a dam and drowned them, called it a draw, Louis XIV was really
The League of Augsburg and the Nine Years' War
These people kept their armies at full force because they were afraid of Louis XIV and his army that he kept at full force, this was fought in Europe with France, in North America, this was called "King William's War
War of Spanish Succession
started because Charles II "The Sufferer" was created by lots of inbreeding, and couldn't produce an heir, he died, and Louis XIV's grandson, Philip, had a claim to the throne, but the Austrian Habsburgs wanted Ferdinand on the throne, Louis XIV went and
The Treaty of Utrecht
1713:
1) Louis' grandson, Philip could stay on the throne
2) King of Spain and King of France couldn't be the same person
3) England got Gibraltar in 1713, passage in and out of Mediterranean
Impositions
James I had to come up with new taxes in order to make enough money, so he came up with this, which was a tax on imported goods, and they had to import a lot of goods, so they made a lot of money
Tonnage
taxes paid by a shipping company based on the total tonnage of its ships
Poundage
tax, rate, or commission, etc. per pound (sterling or weight); weight in pounds
Millenary Petition
a list of requests given to James I by Puritans in 1603 when he was travelling to London in order to claim the English throne. It is claimed, but not proven, that this petition had 1,000 signatures of Puritan ministers. This carefully worded document expr
Hampton Court
this was when the Puritans presented ames with the Millenary grievances, list of grievances about the Anglican church
King James Bible
King James retranslatd the Bible in 1611 and it was called
Book of Sports
The Declaration of Sports (also known as the Book of Sports) was a declaration of James I of England issued in 1617 listing the sports that were permitted on Sundays and other holy days
Forced Loan
nobles either had to give Charles I money or go to jail
Petition of Right
part of the English Constitution, king couldn't imprison subjects without due cause, couldn't force a loan or anything without Parliament's permission, no quartering of troops without permission of homeowner, Charles I agreed to this
Popery
anti-Catholic legislation enacted after the Williamite War
Arminians
this a school of soteriological thought within Protestant Christianity based on the theological ideas of the Dutch Reformed theologian Jacobus Arminius (1560-1609)[1] and his historic followers, the Remonstrants. The doctrine's acceptance stretches t
Ship Money
the tax paid by people who lived on the coast, Charles I/Thomas Wentworth instituted it on people living everywhere, but it didn't make the English very happy
Anglican Book of Common Prayer
the book the Anglican Church prayed with
Short Parliament
when John Pym, leader of Parliament, and not friendly to Charled rallied the Parliament against charles, lasted three weeks, didn't give charles money, charles dismissed them
Long Parliament
this is the name of the English Parliament called by Charles I, on 3 November 1640,[1] following the Bishops' Wars. It received its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members,[2] and
Thorough
instituted by Earl of Stafford (Thomas Wentworth) and was efficient, cut government employees in order to save money
Presbyterians
lived in Scotland, were discriminated against, came to hate England
Independents
?????
Loyalists
?????
Grand Remonstrance
December 1641, Parliament presented Charles with this, basically a 200 things we hate about you letter, Charles sent 400 swordsmen to Parliament, but Parliament left, mobs formed because they heard of the invasion of Parliament, Charles fled to Nottingham
The New Model Army
headed up by Oliver Cromwell, very disciplined,new tactics, wanted to create an army of godly men
Pride's Purge
Thomas Pride, only Puritans allowed in Parliament, afterwards, called the Rump Parliament
The Rump Parliament
nickname of Parliament after Pride's Purge
January 30, 1649
Charles I executed because of treason because the Rump Parliament tried him, English Revolution
The Puritan Republic
the Rump Parliament's rulings, banned going to the theater, playing sports, banned dancing and public drunkedness, imposed Puritan values, Oliver Cromwell and New Model Army went up to Scotland to teach them a lesson, crushed the Scots, made them very ang
The Restoration
Stuarts regained power in England, Parliament recalled ALL OF PARLIAMENT put the Stuarts back in power, people really bland to see Charles II's return after he had fled during the Civil War
Navigation Acts
these were a series of laws that restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England (after 1707 Great Britain) and its colonies, which started in 1651. Their goal was to force colonial development into lines favorable to England, and stop di
Treaty of Dover
Charles II entered into a treaty with Louis XIV, England and France were allies, Secretly, Louis XIV gave Charles II an allowance and Charles would convert to Catholocism
Test Act
If you worked in government, you had to say that transubstantiation wasn't true, James wanted Stuart succession of throne, Charles brought brother to throne when he died
Popish Plot
these were a series of laws that restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England (after 1707 Great Britain) and its colonies, which started in 1651. Their goal was to force colonial development into lines favorable to England, and stop di
Whigs
Before the glorious revolution, these people didn't support James
Tories
Before the glorious revolution, these people supported James coming to the throne
Divine Right of Kings
i am king because god made me king
The Glorious Revolution
Parliament appointed William of Orange and James' daughter as king and queen and they sent an army against James, who fled to France, this is known as the _______ it was a bloodless revolution, William and Mary had to agree tot eh English Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights
Part of the English Constitution, guaranteed the Members of Parliament freedom of speech, king needed Parliament's approval for taxation, guaranteed Englishmen trial by jury,no penalty for bringing grievances to the king
Toleration Act of 1689
The Act allowed freedom of worship to Nonconformists who had pledged to the oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy and rejected transubstantiation, i.e. Protestants who dissented from the Church of England such as Baptists and Congregationalists but not to Cat
How and why did England and France develop two very different forms of government?
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How did Cardinals Richilieu and Mazarin, and Louis XIV forge absolute monarchy in France?
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How did the wars of Louis XIV affect France and Louis' reigh?
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Be able to trace the important events of the rieghns of the Stuart monarchs of England.
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What were the causes, events, and results of the English Civil War, the Restoration, adn the Glorious Revolution?
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Why did Spain and the Netherlands lose power?
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Leopold I
emperor of Austria when Turks besieged Vienna worked with Poland (John III) to push the Turks back, made Austria a very powerful empire, good
Charles VI
of Austria, problem = didn't have a son, tried to arrange it so his daughter could be on the throne, and passed the Pragmatic Sanction so Maria Theresa could be on the throne
Maria Theresa
Charles VI's daughter who was able to be on the throne because of the Pragmatic Sanction, Habsburg
Joseph II
patriarch??
Leopold II
?????
Frederick William the Great Elector
Hohenzollern, of Prussia, religiously tolerant, elected Holy Roman Emperor, built the power of the Prussian army, tried to centralize Hohenzollern power, lowered the power of the nobles
Frederick I
(1688-1713): Patron of the arts, cost lots of money, luxurious lifestyle, 1701, HR empire asked to use Prussian army, said yes, became Frederick I, king of Prussia
Frederick William I
Frederick I's son, ade the army the most important thing in Prussia, nick named the "Sergeant King", doubled the size of the army, militaristic, butnever had to use his army
Frederick the Great
Frederick II, Frederick William I's son
Michael Romanov
The time of troubles ended with this guy's rise to the throne est. the Romanov dynasty, that existed until 1813
Peter the Great
(1682-1725): Realized that Russia had fallen behind the West, and tried to catch up, wanted to see what Western Europe was like to improve Russia, traveled in disguise, which was hard because he was really tall, everyone knew who he was, was more comforta
Catherine the Great
Under her direct auspices the Russian Empire expanded, improved its administration, adjfakldfandancontinued to modernize along Western European lines. Catherine's rule re-vitalized Russia, which grew stronger than ever and became recognized as one of the
The Pragmatic Sanction
Charles VI pushed for this to pass and was successful in order to keep the Habsburgs in power and put his daughter, Maria Theresa on the throne
Robot
in certain regions, peasants were required to work 3-4 days per week for their local lord
Junkers
Prussian nobles, had to give absolute allegiance, could advance in society, they got absolute power of serfs
Boyars
Russian Nobles
Trelsi
guards of the Moscow garrison, kinda like the National Guard for Russia
Why did Austria, Prussia, and Russia gain power?
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How was the Army important to Prussia?
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Why was Peter, "the Great"?
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