Absolutism
a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.), The theory that the monarch is supreme and can exercise full and complete power unilaterally., When sovereignty is embodied in t
Constitutionalism
implies a balance between authority and power of the government on the one hand, and on the
other hand the rights and liberties of the subject or citizen; also the limitation of government by law and the rule of law; a constitution may be unwritten (Briti
French financial system under Louis XIV??
Louis XIV's domestic policy was to transform France. Louis XIV built on Louis XIII's policy of extending absolute royal rule (centralised absolutism) to all parts of the kingdom. Louis was the archetypal absolutist monarch. Aided by politicians such as Je
Cabinet system
leading ministers who were members of House of Commons and had support of majority of members, made common policy and conducted the business of the country, system of managing government where the leading ministers, who must have seats in and the support
Don Quixote
the hero of a romance by Cervantes, The main character in Miguel de Cervantes' book about the changing times in the early 1600's. He was a man who did not like how the Middle Ages were ending and people were becoming more materialistic, so he set of to be
Dutch East India Company
A company founded by the Dutch in the early 17th century to establish and direct trade throughout Asia. Richer and more powerful than England's company, they drove out the English and Established dominance over the region. It ended up going bankrupt and b
French classicism
The style in seventeenth-century art and literature resembling the arts in the ancient world and in the Renaissance-e.g., the works of Poussin, Moliere, and Racine., Scholars criticize the age of Louis XIV as "French Classicism." By this, they meant that
Fronde
1648 - 53A series of civil wars in France by nobles against Louis XIV's and Mazarin's authority; they were unable to overthrow Mazarin.
Mercantilism
an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
is an economic theory, thought to be a form of economic nationalism,[1] that holds th
Peace of Utrecht
Ended Louis XIV's attempts to gain military power and land. Marked the end of French expansionist policy. Ended the War of Spanish Succession., This was the treaty that ended the War of the Spanish Succession
Puritans
Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization., English Protestant dissenters who believed that God predestined souls to heaven or hell before birth. They founded Massachusetts Bay
Raison d' etat
an overriding concern, usually the interests of the country concerned, that justifies political or diplomatic action that might otherwise be considered reprehensible
The national interest, often referred to by the French expression raison d'�tat ("reason
Republican government
type of government in which power is exercised by representatives chosen by the people, type of government in which the citizens have the power to govern
Second Treatise on civil Government
John Locke - maintains that people set up civil gov'ts to protect life, liberty and property - if the gov't oversteps its function it becomes a tyranny and the people have the right ot rebel
Sovereignty
government free from external control, ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states
Stadholder
This was the name given to the person appointed by the States General to carry out ceremonial functions in a province in the Netherlands, A governer of provinces in the Dutch United Provinces.
States General
term used by the national assembly of the United Provinces of the Netherlands where the wealthy merchant class held real power; because many issues had to be refereed back to the provinces, the United Provinces was a confederation, or weak union of a stro
Totalitarianism
a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.), the principle of complete and unrestricted power in government
Feudalism
a political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service
A system of obligations that bound lords and their subjects in Europe during much of the Middle Ages. In theory, the king owned a
divine right
belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god., the idea that monarchs are God's representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God.
Calvinist consistory
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Thirty Years War
A conflict over religion,territory and for power among European ruling families, (1618-48) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a batlte between France and their rivals the Hapsburg's, ru
War of Spanish Succession
This was the war between France and Spain in order to unite the two states under one ruler, Phillip V, was a major European conflict over the succession to Spanish throne. In 1701, Charles II died and had bequeathed all of his possessions to Philip, duc d
Edict of Nantes
1598 Declaration in which the french king Henry IV promised that protestants could live in peace in France and could set up houses of worship in some French cities
causes of decline of Spain
overextended in World ;Sp econ hurt by expelling of m/class -moors and jews; bad kings ie Charles II ??
causes of decline of Dutch economy
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Richelieu
He was president of the coulcil, first minister of French crown. Had strong influence on LouisXIII to exalt French monarchy as embodiment of French state. he set in place the cornerstone of French absolutism
Sulley
Henry IV's chief minister. He was a successful administrator he subsized the Company for Trade with the Indies. Began a countrywide highway system
John Locke
Wrote Two Treatises on Government as justification of Glorious Revolution and end of absolutism in England. He argued that man is born good and has rights to life, liberty, and property. To protect these rights, people enter social contract to create gove
Thomas Hobbes
English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings
Calvinism
a body of religious teachings based on the ideas of reformer john calvin, the theological system of John Calvin and his followers emphasizing omnipotence of God and salvation by grace alone
Colbert
a finance minister under Louis XIV that applied mercantilism to France to help increase revenue, Created mercantilism and was able to connect France through industries and trade routes
Moliere
produced comedies that exposed the hypocricies and follies of society through brilliant caricature
Suleiman the Magnificent
The most famous Sultan of the Ottomans, Suleiman the magnificent led the Ottomans into a golden age in 1520-1566. He was a brilliant war general and took the Ottomans on to conquer areas of eastern Europe and a much larger portion of the middle east. He i
intendants
collected taxes and administered justice
Huguenots
originally a pejorative term for French Calvinists, later the official title for members of the 'Reformed religion", Calvinists. (p. 492)
English Navigation Act of 1651
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Versailles
a palace built in the 17th century for Louis XIV southwest of Paris near the city of Versailles
Winter Palace
Herm
Escorial
Philip II's retreat, combination palace, church tomb, and monastery
looks like a monastery
siege of vienna--1683
turks
Brandenburg-Prussia
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Pragmatic Sanction of 1713
Established by Charles VI, it was an agreement with the three territories that the Hapsburg's possessions will never divided and must be passed to a single heir.
Kaiser
the title of the Holy Roman Emperors or the emperors of Austria or of Germany until 1918
Junker
noble landowners of Prussia
Boyars
descendants of original Viking warriors, held land as free and clear private property
Henry IV
first Bourbon king-most important kings in French history-rise to power ended French Civil Wars-gradual course to absolutism-politique-converted to Catholicism to gain loyalty of Paris
Louis XIII
king of France from 1610 to 1643 who relied heavily on the advice of Cardinal Richelieu (1601-1643), French king who succeeded Henry IV when he was nine years old; his reign was dominated by the influence by his mother and regent Marie de Medici, Cardinal
Louis XIV
ruled the longest in european history, French monarchy reached peak of absolutist development. Sun King dominated his age.
Elizabeth I
This queen of England chose a religion between the Puritans and Catholics and required her subjects to attend church or face a fine. She also required uniformity and conformity to the Church of England, Reestablished Protestantism as the state religion of
James I
the first Stuart to be king of England and Ireland from 1603 to 1625 and king of Scotland from 1567 to 1625; he was the son of Mary Queen of Scots and he succeeded Elizabeth I; he alienated the British Parliament by claiming the divine right of kings (156
charles I
Son of James I, a king of England. He tried to govern without Parliament and to finance the English government by arbitrary levies, which brought large political conflict.
James II
This was the Catholic king of England after Charles II that granted everyone religious freedom and even appointed Roman Catholics to positions in the army and government, This was the Catholic king of England after Charles II that granted everyone religio
Oliver Cromwell
English military, political, and religious figure who led the Parliamentarian victory in the English Civil War (1642-1649) and called for the execution of Charles I. As lord protector of England (1653-1658) he ruled as a virtual dictator.
William and Mary
These people were the protestant king and queen of England after the Glorious Revolution that recognized the supremacy of the English Parliament
Peter the Great
(1672-1725) Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg.
Treaty of Pyrenees
This was signed in 1659 to end the war between Spain and France that had begun during the thirty years war and the kings louis XIV of france and philip IV of spain were represented at the signing on pheasant island.---treaty ending spanish/french wars mak
Treaty of Westphalia
Ended Thirty Years' War in 1648; granted right to individual rulers within the Holy Roman Empire to choose their own religion-either Protestant or Catholic
Frederick William I
built a military in an economy built for war, militeristic
Great Elector Frederick William
standing army, permanent taxation, centralized authority to himself and reduced power of nobles
Mongols
Central Asian nomadic peoples; smashed Turko-Persian kingdoms; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed last Abbasid caliph
time of Troubles
The death of Ivan the Terrible in 1584-ushered in an era of confusion and violent struggle for power. Events were particularly chaotic after Ivan's son, Theodore, died in 1598 without an heir. The years of 1598 to 1613 were aptly called the "Time of Troub
Ivan IV
set up secret police, the most powerful of the early czars. Learned, religious, and cruel. Saw treason everywhere and arrested, exiled, or excecuted many advisors, reduced boyars power, increased Russia's trade with western Europe and worked to expand bor
Charles the XII of Sweden
won battle of larva but lost war