Renaissance
Rebirth
Jacob Burckhardt
Swiss historian who came up with the modern concept of the Renaissance.
Leon Battista Alberti
architect known for the statement, "Men can do all things if they will.
Hanseatic League
military league made of German coastal cities.
House of Medici
banking houses owned by the Medici family.
Castiglione's Book of the Courtier
book with certain ideals for an aristocrat that holds the three basic attributes of perfect courtier.
Condottieri
paid professional soldiers.
Francisco Sforza
condottieri who turned on his Milanese employers, conquered the city, and declared himself the duke.
Cosimo d'Medici
He took over Florence's oligarchy and later dominated Florence while it was the center of cultural renaissance.
The Papal States
states located in central Italy that were run by the pope.
Isabella d'Este
daughter of Duke Ferrara who practically became "first lady of the world" because of her intelligence and political wisdom. She also ruled Mantura after her husband's death.
Peace of Lodi and balance of power
treaty between Venice and Milan that ended the war between the two.
1527 sack of Rome
the historic moment that stopped the war between French and the Spaniards over who claimed Italy. Under the Spanish King Charles I, the Spaniards won the battle.
Machiavelli's The Prince
a book of guidelines to be a great leader or it can be viewed as an apology to the King who kicked him out of Florence.
Civic humanism
meaning Florentine civic spirit and pride as a sort of outcome to a humanist movement in Florence.
Petrarch
humanist who called the Intellectual life as one of solitude also known as the father or humanism.
Leonardo Bruni's The New Cicero
a biography based on Cicero's life, which was written by Leonardo Bruni
Lorenzo Valla
humanist who was chosen by Pope Nicholas V to translate texts. He also wrote many books that argued many of the issues that had taken place in that era.
Marcilio Ficino and neoplatonism
founder of a philosophy which is based on Plato's writings and hierarchy of substances and a theory of spiritual love.
Renaissance hermeticism
product of Florentine intellectual environment of late 15th century.
Pico della Mirandola's Oration
writing based off of work by philosophers which stood up for the belieft that everything was based off of God's revelation to humanity.
Liberal studies
key to true freedom that enabled individuals to reach full potential.
Francesco Guicciardini
statesman who has confided as one of the "major political writers of the Italian Renaissance
Johannes Gutenberg
created Gutenberg bible, which was the first true book in the west, produced with movable type
Masaccio
artist known for one of the most famous styles of art, which influenced a realistic style between two characters in a panting
Lorenzo the Magnificent
descendant of the Medici family who was a politician that over saw some great beautification of the Italian Renaissance.
Botticelli's Primavera
painting that is considered on of the most popular paintings made by Sandro Botticelli.
Donatello's David
Sculpture by Donatello, which represented simplicity and strength that reflected dignity of humanity.
Brunelleschi's dome
Dome that was built by Flippo Brunelleschi. It involved many challenging art strategies that make it one of the most famous architect pieces of the Italian renaissance.
High Renaissance
dominated by the work of three artists: Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo (otherwise known as 3/4 of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles...haha)
Leonardo da Vinci
one of the three artists of the High Renaissance who is known for his paintings, artwork, and drawings of his mechanical devices that he created during the Italian Renaissance.
Raphael
a painter of the Italian Renaissance who is known for his painting the School of Athens which was based off of a bunch of philosophers of different periods of times all communicating with each other during one big school.
Michelangelo
Last artist of the High Renaissance who is known for his paintings, sculptures, and architectures.
Sistine Chapel's David
Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, created by Michelangelo.
Bramante and Saint Peter's
New basilica on top of St. Peters which was created by Danto Bramante who was commissioned by Pope Julius II.
Giorgio Vasari's Lives of the Artists
Book that featured many works of the most famous Renaissance artists.
Northern Renaissance
Renaissance that took place in Northern Europe. Was spread around through trade, religion, and war.
Jan van Eych
Considered one of the most famous painters of Northern Renaissance. Known for the Arnolfini Portrait.
Albrecht Durer
German artist known for his detailed woodcuts and self-portrait.
Madrigals
A song for two or three voices. Developed in 13th and 14th century of Italy.
New Monarchies
powerful centralized governments with unified inhabitants.
Louis XI the Spider and Henry VII
King of France during mid 15th century who was known for his military tactics. Henry VII was the king of England as well as the Lord of Ireland who ended the civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses.
Ferdinand and Isabella
King and queens from the House of Trast�mara known for the expulsion of the Jews and Muslims.
Spanish Inquisition
used to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in the kingdoms of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile.
The Habsburgs
royal house of the kings of Bohemia, England, Germany, Hungary, Croatia, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, and several Dutch and Italian countries.
Ivan III
Grand prince of Moscow" known for tripling his territory, ending the Golden Horde over Russia, and even laid down the foundations of a Russian state.
Constantinople and 1453
the Fall of Constantinople which was captured by the Byzantine Emperor Constantinople XI Palaiologos.
John Wyclif and John Hus
English scholastic philosopher who he and hi followers preached biblically-centered reforms.
Pius II's Execrabilis
Letter written by Pius II that said the Pope was the supreme power.
Renaissance popes
period of different popes of he renaissance that stretched for the Western Schism and the Protestant Reformation.