Charles de Gaulle
A French war hero who in 1946, helped establish a new government called the Forth Republic. It featured a strong parliament and a weak presidency. No party was strong enough to dominate, and the government was largely ineffective. Unhappy with the Forth R
Chiang Kai-Shek
leader of Guomindang. broke with radicals led by Mao and tried to destroy them. conflicts led to civil war. US helped Chiang. Mao won.
Clement Attlee
British Labour Party leader (1935-55) and prime minister (1945-51). He presided over the establishment of the welfare state in Great Britain and the granting of independence to India, the most important step in the conversion of the British Empire into th
Fidel Castro
leader of communist cuba. allied with USSR closely
Mohandas Ghandi
led resistance to british rule in india after WWI. preached nonviolent noncooperation. wrested a new constitution in 1935
Ho Chi Minh
stopped france from re-establishing indochina with chinese and USSR aid
Leonid Brezhnev
was the fourth General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, serving from 1964 until his death in 1982. His eighteen year term as General Secretary was one of the lengthiest, second only to that of Joseph Stalin. Brezhnev's rule saw the gl
Mao Zedong
leader of the communist movement in china. won the chinese civil war.
Nikita Khrushchev
Russian Soviet statesman and premier after Stalin who denounced him. He led the de-Stalinization of Russia and argued for major innovations. He wanted peaceful coexistence with the U.S. Eisenhower agreed to a summit conference with Khrushchev, France and
Josip Tito
communist leader of yugoslavia. able to resist soviet domination. stood up to stalin in 1948--successful because there was no USSR army in yugoslavia
Alexander Dubcek
In Czechoslovakia in the 1960s the reforms went furthest in the Eastern bloc. They posed the most direct challenge to the Soviets. Dubcek, the Czech leader, spoke openly of "Communism with a human face." He curbed the activities of the police and permitte
Big Three
Britain, US, USSR
Robert Schuman
(June 26, 1886- September 4, 1963) was twice Prime Minister of France, a reformist Minister of Finance and a Foreign Minister, he was instrumental in building post- war European and trans- Atlantic institutions and is regarded as one of the founders of th
Jean Monnet
planning commission set goals for economy and used national banks to funnel money into certain insdustries
Gamal Nasser
became president of Egypt. He replaced/deposed Farouk (a king). He also was very popular, & wanted to modernize Egypt. He wanted to build the Aswan High Dam, so he asked the U.S. for support. However, we did not give as much help/money to them as they nee
Ludwig Earhard
German Minister of Economy. broke with Nazi economy and adopted capitalism
Richard Nixon
elected President in 1968 and 1972 representing the Republican party. He was responsible for getting the United States out of the Vietnam War by using "Vietnamization", which was the withdrawal of 540,000 troops from South Vietnam for an extended period.
Simone de Beauvoir
The first and one of the most influential major works produced by the second wave was The Second Sex (1949) by the French writer and philosopher Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986). Beauvoir analyzed the position of women within the framework of existential th
Betty Friedan
A leading figure in the Women's Movement in the United States, her 1963 book The Feminine Mystique is often credited with sparking the "second wave" of American feminism in the twentieth century. In 1966, Friedan founded and was elected the first presiden
John F. Kennedy
president during part of the cold war and especially during the superpower rivalry and the cuban missile crisis. he was the president who went on tv and told the public about hte crisis and allowed the leader of the soviet uinon to withdraw their missiles
Willie Brandt
West German Chancellor
The first Social Democratic Party Chancellor in West Germany,
Cold War mayor of West Berlin who served as Chancellor of West Germany (1968-74). He instituted a policy of greater cooperation with eastern communist nations.
Ronald Reagan
first elected president in 1980 and elected again in 1984. He ran on a campaign based on the common man and "populist" ideas. He served as governor of California from 1966-1974, and he participated in the McCarthy Communist scare. Iran released hostages o
Francois Mitterand
elected President in France in 1981. He was a moderate Socialist; revitalized the Socialist Party. Introduced labor reforms, nationalized large banks and some industrial corporations. Increased labor costs reduced French competitiveness abroad --> slow ec
Margaret Thatcher
leader of conservatives in Great Britain who came to power. Pledged to limit social welfare, restrict union power, and end inflation. Formed Thatcherism, in which her economic policy was termed, and improved the British economic situation. She dominated B
British Labour Party
welfare state": industries nationalized, government gave medical care
Christian Democrats
inspired and united by common christian beliefs and euro. heritage. rejected authoritarianism and narrow nationalism. placed faith in democracy and cooperation
Guomindang
group of chinese nationalists dedicated to unifying china and abolishing european concessions
Indian Congress Party
General definition: One of the two major political parties in India; founded in 1885, it is a party of elites.
Sub definitions:
- transformed into mass party
- dominant from 1947- late 1980's
- leadership committed to democracy
- incorporates mass public
4th and 5th Republics
4th: decentralization, government was always falling, didnt accomplish anything, no stable
5th: strong executive, president wasnt responsible to parliament (not as many checks); disolve the National Assembly
Atlantic Charter
In 1941 FDR and Churchill met at sea off the coast of Newfoundland to plan strategy and post-war actions. They negotiated in the spirit of the Fourteen Points - sovereign rights, self-government, equal access to world trade and resources, improved standar
Brezhnev Doctrine
The doctrine created after the USSR invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, according to which the USSR and its allies had the right to intervene in any socialist country whenever they saw the need
Warsaw Pact
USSR and satellite countries. response to NATO
Tehran Conference
Nov. 1943. Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill. in Tehran. showed importance of determining subsequent events among the Big Three
Yalta Conference
Feb. 1945. Big Three agreed Ger. would be divided into occupation zones and have to pay large reparations to USSR. USSR agreed to declare war on Japan after Ger. was defeated. eastern governments to be freely elected, but pro-Russian
Potsdam Conference
July 1945. postwar. Truman wanted free elections in e.Euro. Stalin refused, because it went against communism
Marshall Plan
financial aid that focused on aiding Turkey and Greece to keep out communism
Schuman Plan
1950 The plan was to join the German and French coal and steel industries under one authority in order to turn historical enemies into partners. Based on the Schuman plan, six countries sign a treaty to run their heavy industries - coal and steel - under
Truman Doctrine
US would give financial aid to any country that wanted it
Containment
preventing the spread of communism
Treaty of Rome
started the common market
Helsinki Agreement
1975: detente expanded to Europe as a whole, the declaration focused on improving the relations between Communist government and the western world, with a goal of reducing Cold War tension. It had a widespread goal of human rights and clarification that E
Big Science
A new model of science founded during WWII. This form of science combined by theoretical work with sophisticated engineering in a large organization was not only very expensive, but also could attack extremely difficult problems from better products for c
Common Market
unified the , Begun in 1958 following the 1957 Treaty of Rome. Included Benelux, France, Italy and FRG. Plan was to eliminate all customs barriers between countries and have a common tariff policy on imports by the year 1966. Gradually to remove all restr
Great Russians
Party leaders that identified themselves with Russian patriotism, stressing their role in saving the country during WWII by protecting it from foreigners; they were leaders within the Communist party in non-Russian republics. Thought liberalism would unde
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia from 1959 to April 30, 1975. The war was fought between the communist North Vietnam, supported by its communist allies, and the government of South Vietnam, supported by the United States and other me
Tet Offensive
A series of attacks by the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese troops that come together as one large offensive movement. They tirelessly launched surprise attacks on U.S. military bases, government buildings, and the U.S. embassy. Saigon became the main targe
NATO
US alliance with western governments against communism
Prague Spring
In 1968, Czechoslovakia, under Alexander Dubcek, began a program of reform. Dubcek promised civil liberties, democratic political reforms, and a more independent political system. The Soviet Union invaded the country and put down the short-lived period of
Council of Europe
supposed to evolve into euro parl. with sovereign rights