During the Civil War, although President Lincoln was deeply troubled by General Sherman's campaign through the South, he believed __________________________________.
that the fighting spirit of the Confederacy had to be broken.
Why do democracies have a special problem in deciding what actions should be take to bring a war to a speedy end?
Because the moral difficulty comes in deciding which military action should be employed to attain a worthy end.
List 3 international peace agreements and declarations that were signed in the early twentieth century.
1. St. Petersburg Declaration
2. Hague Treaties
3. Kellogg Briand Pact
What effect did the St. Petersburg Declaration attempt to have on warfare?
It allowed expose projectiles under 40g.
What effect did the Hague Treaties attempt to have on warfare?
Return a child internationally abducted by a parent from another country.
What effect did the Kellogg Briand Pact attempt to have on warfare?
to outlaw war between U.S. and France
Give 3 examples of technological advances which made warfare more destructive during World War I.
Submarines
Naval blockade
First war planes
List 2 types of military action in WW I that would have been prohibited under the code of conduct issued by the U.S. War Department in 1940.
1. That attack or bombardment by whatever means of towns, villages, etc. which are undefended.
2. Employment of and such degree of violence as is not actually necessary for the purpose of war.
List 2 types of military action in WW I that would have been justified according to the principle of "military necessity.
1. In applying any amount and any kind of force to compel to complete submission of the enemy
2. In destroying civilian property and blockading transportation to defeat an enemy
Why might Rome have felt a total destruction of Carthage was necessary and justified?
Are there examples of such policies in more modern times?
They thought it was necessary because many members of the Roman Senate feared that Carthage would revive to again threaten Rome.
I do not think there are example of this today.
Why did the principles of the "Peace of God" movement, "Just War," and the code of chivalry break down during the Crusades and the Thirty Year War?
Because during this time people wanted land no matter what.
What justified and supported the trend towards "breaking the enemy's will" and morale following the Napoleonic Wars?
Why did this tactic become a military strategy?
The deadly power of new military technologies and tremendous resources at their disposal supported this.
This became a military strategy because attention of military significance of the morale affected civilian population
The 1907 Hague Convention on Land Warfare reinforced the distinction between military and civilian targets. During World War I, however, those distinctions were often ignored. How did advances in military technology increase the suffering of civilians in
They began to bomb more civilian towns and cities with their planes. These planes would weaken enemy morale.
A German bomber pilot claimed that the deaths of civilians in war "happened accidentally." This claim contradicts the policy wherein both sides bombed towns and cities of little military import. Why might the pilot have made the comment?
They don't "mean to bomb" the towns, but they still have a little military importance, so they are allowed to bomb them if it has military importance.
How did the impact of air warfare in WWI affect the development of military strategy in the 1920's and 1930's?
It forced countries to change their military strategy. The countries would have to fight from the air rather than on the ground
What are the pros and cons of daytime and nighttime bombing?
Daytime Bombing:
Pro --- Helps bombers be more accurate.
Cons --- Bombers not safe; more vulnerable
Nighttime Bombing:
Pros --- Makes bombers not seen / safer for pilots.
Cons --- Bombers have bad accuracy.
Why did Nazi Germany use aerial bombardment against the Allies during the early years of WW II?
Because they wanted to terrorize the Allies and weaken them for when they wish to attack later.
What was the purpose of the Allied campaign of "strategic bombing"?
To bomb general areas with civilians rather than specific targets like military places.
What was the "firestorm formula" ?
What effect did it have on the German cities of Hamburg and Dresden?
The "firestorm formula" was to be used to engulf the city/town in flames.
The effects were having the city destroyed and many innocent deaths.
What factors contributed to the ferocity of Japanese resistance to American forces on Saipan, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa?
The Japanese government told their civilians that if they were captured they would be raped or tortured and bring dishonor to their family
Why did American casualties keep rising as U.S. forces moved closer to Japan?
Because Japanese resistance rose
Why did the U.S. government decide to make an atomic bomb?
because they feared the growing Nazi power
Identify 3 major problems scientists faced in making the bomb.
1. Used small amount of Fissionable material
2. Extraction of U-235
3. needed to create multiple compartments
What was the role of aerial bombardment in Nazi Germany's military strategy during the early years of WW II?
The role was to weaken the Allies in order to attach them later on with the Allies having less forces to defend later attacks.
In July 1940, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill concluded that Britain's only hope for defeating Nazi Germany was "an absolutely devastating, exterminating attack by very heavy bombers from this country upon the Nazi homeland." In your opinion, was
Yes, Churchill's judgement was correct.
Churchill's alternatives were to bomb during the day and risk safety of pilots in exchange for accuracy and not trying to kill innocent lives during the night.
How did Japan's military actions from 1937 to the early months of 1942 shape American attitudes toward the Japanese?
by making Americans think they were cold-hearted and did not care for others.
What factors contributed to the ferocity of Japanese resistance to American forces on Saipan, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa?
Japanese propaganda about how Americans were evil .