Nation State
A group of people unified by a common ideology that are defined or confined by the same physical boundaries.
Patterns for European Nations
Absolute monarchs with opulant lives or Absolute Monarchs more involved in Humanistic achievements then there own personal weath
Absolutism
A form of government, usually hereditary monarchy, in which the ruler has no legal limits on his or her power.
Divine Right
Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god.
Spanish Empire
Empire control in Mexico, South America, and Florida, religious empire; Franciscans + mission system, defensive buffers vs. English, French, and Russians. Economic empire. with large armada
Charles V
Holy Roman Emperor who tried to keep Europe religiously united, inherited Spain, the Netherlands, Southern Italy, Austria, and much of the Holy Roman Emperor from his grandparents, he sought to stop Protestantism and increase the power of Catholicism.
Holy Roman Empire
federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princes.
Phillip II
King of Spain, he was the most powerful monarch in Europe until 1588; controlled Spain, the Netherlands, the Spanish colonies in the New World, Portugal, Brazil, parts of Africa, parts of India, and the East Indies. Was well known for making the Spanish A
Spanish Armada
the Spanish fleet that attempted to invade England, ending in disaster, due to the raging storm in the English Channel as well as the smaller and better English navy
Netherlands
small country situated along the North Sea in northwestern Europe that was ruled by Spain until 1581
Amsterdam
Capital of the Netherlands
Bourse
The stock market in Antwerp where investors could finance companies by purchasing shares.
Dutch East India Company
Government-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies.
France
Huge colonial empire that relied on resources from the west and was ruled by a predominantly absolute monarchy until the French Revolution
Huguenots
French Calvinists
Cardinal Richelieu
French Cardinal and politician responsible for instituting absolutist practices in France.
Louis XIV
Known as the Sun King, he was an absolute monarch that completely controlled France. One of his greatest accomplishments was the building of the palace at Versailles. Thought of himself as the state (Quote L'etate C'est moi.)
Palace of Versailles
A palace built in the 17th century for Louis XIV southwest of Paris near the city of Versailles Just to show opulance and Power
Britain
Empire with colonies in the Americas originally Catholic until King Henry IV turned England Protestant not an absolute Monarcy influenced more by Parliment
Magna Carta
First Human Rights Document that King John "Lackland" of Englad was forced to sign; it made the king obey the same laws as the citizens of his kingdom
Parliament
Britain's law-making assembly divided into 2 parts or houses
Elizabeth I
Queen of England between 1558 and 1603. She was an absolute monarch and is considered to be one of the most successful rulers of all time.
Puritans
English Protestant dissenters who believed that God predestined souls to heaven or hell before birth.
English Civil War
This was the revolution as a result of whether the sovereignty would remain with the king or with the Parliament. Eventually, the kingship was abolished
Charles I
King of England His power struggles with Parliament resulted in the English Civil War
Royalist Vs Round heads
English Civil war Parliament Vs King
Oliver Cromwell
English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War
Glorious Revolution
A reference to the political events when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange
Constitutional Monarchy
A King or Queen is the official head of state but power is limited by a constitution.
Russia
For the most part a large empire with a rough start that lead to an explosion of Culture Art Science and Math in Russia due to the accomplishments of Absolute Monarchs like Peter The Great and Catherine The Great
Czar/Tzar
Russian King Czar~Julius Caesar
Ivan IV "The Terrible
was the grand prince of Moscow and tzar of Russia from 1547 until he died. His conquests turned Russia into a Medieval state spanning almost one billion acres. (While the rest of the world was entering the Renaissance)
Peter the Great
Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg.
Westernization
adoption of western ideas, technology, and culture
St. Petersburg
Peter the Great's "window on the west" to a warm seaport
Catherine the Great
ruled Russia from 1762 to 1796, added new lands to Russia, encouraged science, art, literature, Russia became one of Europe's most powerful nations during her rule
Thirty Year War
a religious war between the Catholics and Protestants, which resulted in the political restructuring of Europe and the development of nation states