Prince Henry the Navigator
This was the Portuguese Prince that gave steadfast financial and moral support to the navigators
Hernan Cortes
Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico
God, glory, and gold
The primary motives of the Age of Exploration and Conquest
Bartholomeu Diaz
Portuguese explorer who in 1488 was the first European to get around the Cape of Good Hope (thus establishing a sea route from the Atlantic to Asia)
Vasco da Gama
Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route
Alfonso de Albuquerque
Portuguese who reached India and took over Malaca; wiped Muslim population out
Christopher Columbus
European who reached the islands of the Caribbean in 1492. He went there to bring back gold for Spain. He thought he landed in India.
Pedro Cabral
Portuguese leader of an expedition to India; blown off course in and landed in Brazil
Amerigo Vespucci
The Italian sailor who corrected Columbus's mistake, acknowledging the coasts of America as a new world. America is named after him
Vasco de Balboa
Spanish explorer who became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean while exploring Panama
Ferdinand Magellan
Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain. he commanded an expedition that was the first to circumnavigate the world
conquistadors
spanish soldiers and explorers who led military expeditions in the Americas and captured land for Spain
the Maya
located in Yucatan peninsula; used hieroglyphs; knowledge of mathematics and astronomy, use of calendars; earliest users of bar and dot system; base 20 counting
the Aztec
an indigenous people to central Mexico; built capitol city of Tenochtitlan; and made floating farming islands called chinampas.
Moctezuma
Aztec emperor defeated and killed by the Spanish conquistador Hernando Cortes.
the Inca
Powerful empire in area now Peru; skilled builders constructed complex cities in the Andes Mountains; Machu Picchu is most famous city; were defeated by the Spanish who took their gold and silver found in the Inca empire
Francisco Pizzaro
Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca's
encomienda
A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it
The Dutch East India Company
trading company controlled by the Dutch government, fleet of Dutch ships helped the company dominate the Asian spice trade and the Indian Ocean trade
the slave trade
a massive enterprise of buying and selling of Africans for work in the Americas
triangular trade
A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Aferica sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa
the Middle Passage
the long journey that slaves from Africa had to take to the Americas, when many of them were crammed together, and chained in the bowels of slave ships and supplied with little food and water.
the Mughal Empire
Indian Muslim empire responsible for takeover of most of India and unification, declined into British rule
British East India Company
Government charted joint-stock company that controlled spice trade in the East Indies after the Dutch
Ming and Qing Dynasties
Ming extended rule into Mongolia and Central Asia. Qing corrected serious social and economic ills with peace and prosperity. CHINA
British North America
began establishing colonies after the Dutch; took New Netherlands and named in New York; 13 thickly populated colonies. SLAVES
French North America
� Run by the absolute power
� Used as a trading area
� Thinly populated
� Most people were hunters, missionaries, and explorers
Latin America
the parts of North and South America south of the United States where Romance languages are spoken
mestizo/mulatto
- Mestizo - european and indigineous mix
- mulatto - european and african descent mix
missionaries
people sent out to carry a religious message; also focuses on converting non-Christians to Christianity
Columbian Exchange
The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.
price revolution
a dramatic rise in prices (inflation). A major problem in europe in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, causes economic collapse in Spain
joint-stock company
A business in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose, then share the profits
mercantilism
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought