Napoleon III
In 1848 he become France's first president under universal suffrage for men and Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1871; had some success that made the country stronger such as extending french power overseas, and gaining new land with the prevention of I
Giuseppe Mazzini
Italian nationalist whose writings ignited the idea for a unified and independent Italy (1805-1872).
Victor Emanuel II
Became the King of Italy and completed the unification of Italy by acquiring Venice and Rome, which was the last tow pieces needed in order to build the complete nation of Italy (1820-1878).
Pius IX
Pope who did not accept the unification of Italy as one country, considered a conservative and wrote the Syllabus of Errors in 1864 .
Cavour
The prime minister of Piedmont-Sardinia during the movement toward Italian unification. He is considered the architect of the Italian Unification and is the person who formed an alliance with France in order to attack Austria for Northern Italy.
Garibaldi
Leader of the Red Shirts who invaded/ captured Sicily which led toward the unification of Italy.
red shirts (Italy)
Led by Garibaldi, they were a group of Italian nationalist who wanted a unified Italy.
Otto Von Bismark
Prussian prime minister who was greatly influential in the Unification of Germany.
Alexander II (Russia)
Was to become the Russian tsar during the Crimean war and wanted to progress/ modernize the country to be equal with other countries such as England.
zemstvo
Set up by Alexander II, this was designed to help the Russian government deal with local problems with a local government.
Alexander III
Son of Alexander II, further increased the progress of the nations modernization, also contrary to his father in many beliefs.
Sergei Witte
Finance minister who thought that Russia's lack of progress with modern industrialization was hurting/preventing the country from being a big power house.
Father Gapon
Was the leader in a group of workers who wanted to petition against the tsar, ended in what is known as the
Bloody Sunday
Peter Stolypin
Prime minister of Russia who seeked to improve many things such as zemstvo's and education ; however was assassinated.
Kaiser William (Wilhelm) II
Last German Emperor, also the cause that led toward World War I, through his lack of leadership skills was also forced into exile.
Jules Ferry
French Statesman, under his rule there was an free elementary education established for boys and girls. This made the country stronger as a nation.
John Stuart
British Indian who negotiated a peace treaty between the Cherokee and English in which Fort Loudoun was surrendered.
Benjamin Disraeli
British Conservative-extended vote to all middle class male workers and made the suez canal an important thing, also made Queen Victoria the empress of India (1804-1881).
Leopold II of Belgium
King of Belgium who ruled from 1865-1909, Leopold used his power/imperialism to create and established the Congo Free state. He was one of the many imperialistic rulers who tried to expand their nation by making colonies in Africa and doing so he forced m
Henry M. Stanley
A journalist and explorer sent by Leopold II to the Congo basin in order for him to established trade and land for Belgium there. He established trading signs and planted Leopold's flag/belgium flags in the congo basin
David Livingstone
was a Scottish explorer who explored Africa for thirty years (1813-1873). He was a Scottish missionary,physician, and added greatly to Europe's knowledge of the continent's geography, he heightened Western awareness of Africa and stimulated Christian miss
Horatio H. Kitchener
The British general who moved cautiously up the Nile River, building a railroad as he went. Along his journey had problems with Muslim tribesmen at Omdurman, but he used his industrialized weapons to kill them.
De Beers Mining Company
established by Rhodes and use to monopolized southern Africa's diamond production and gain lots of wealth, tried to use this powere to extend british rule in Africa
Maxim Machine Gun
The first automatic machine gun ever invented allowed easy conquest of the interior of Africa. Africans did not stand a chance against this machine gun.
Social Darwinism
The application of Darwins' ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies and became a key factor for imperialist expansion in the west
Rudyard Kipling
(1864-1936) English writer and poet; wrote the "white man's burden" as the duty of Europeans and Americans to bring order and to civilize people that were not generally white, created a movement of reforms for people that were not white
British East India Company
A joint stock company that controlled most of India during the era of imperialism. They controlled the political, social, and economic life in India for more than 200 years. Shows that Indian people were easily run over by the British
Caste System
A Hindu social class system that determined a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society
Indian National Congress
A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Created by a group of Hindu people that worked together to gain rights and political power for its people under the rule of the British
Meiji Restoration
A political program that occurred after the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868, in which a collection of young leaders set Japan adopted ideas from the Europeans which put them on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism
Gun boat diplomacy
Is the use of military force to gain diplomatic objectives in foreign countries or in their own country as well. It was sorta of like imperalism rule.
Sino-Japanese war
(1894-1895) Japan's imperialistic war against China to gain control of natural resources and markets for their goods. the results of the war gave Japan some Chinese port-city trading rights, control of Manchuria, the annexation of the island of Sakhalin,
Open Door Policy
a policy that was proposed by the U.S in 1899, which was an attempt for all nations to be able to have equal opportunities/rights to trade in Chinese ports.
Boxer Rebellion
A rebellion made up of traditionalist Chinese people that sought to throw the foreigners out of their country, but failed when the British defeated them.
Sphere of Influence
A foreign region in which a nation has complete dominance over trade and all economical activities. The controlling group usually adds new customs to these economical issues.
Dreyfus affair
the controversy in France in 1894 in which Captain Dreyfus, a Jewish officer, was wrongly convicted of treason. The ensuing conflict highlighted the growing rift between liberal republicans, who wanted Dreyfus pardoned, and conservative militarists and tr
theodore herzl
An Austrian journalist (1860-1904) who called for the creation of a Jewish homeland. This movement, called Zionism, spread throughout Europe and the United States.
zionism
A worldwide movement, originating in the 19th century that sought to establish and develop a Jewish nation in Palestine. Since 1948, its function has been to support the state of Israel.
international working mens association
sometimes called the First International, was an international organization which aimed at uniting a variety of different left-wing socialist, communist[1] and anarchist political groups and trade union organizations that were based on the working class a
may day
May 1; made an international labor day to be marked by strikes and mass labor demonstrations by the Second International, a socialist group
opium trade
A system in which the British would smuggle opium into china in exchange for silver. This system along with military aggression greatly weakened china and allowed Britain and other western powers to open up china to foreign trade and ideals.
afrikaners
South Africans descended from Dutch and French settlers of the seventeenth century. Their Great Trek founded new settler colonies in the nineteenth century. Though a minority among South Africans, they held political power after 1910.
berlin conference
Conference that German chancellor Otto von Bismarck called to set rules for the partition of Africa. It led to the creation of the Congo Free State under King Leopold II of Belgium.
white mans burden
idea that many European countries had a duty to spread their religion and culture to those less civilized
great rebellion
the 1857 and 1858 insurrection by Muslim and Hindu mercenaries in the British army which spread throughout northern and central India before finally being crushed, primarily by loyal native troops from southern India. Britain thereafter ruled India direct
treaty of nanking
Treaty that concluded the Opium War. It awarded Britain a large indemnity from the Qing Empire, denied the Qing government tariff control over some of its own borders, opened additional ports of residence to Britons, and ceded Hong Kong to Britain.
commodore mathhew perry
got Japan to open itself to trade in the Treaty of Kanagawa.Steamed into edo in 1853. He demanded diplomatic negoations with the emperor
Muhammad ali ( egypt )
he strengthened Egypt by improving tax collection, reorganizing the landholding system, and backing irrigation systems; encouraged industry and increased egyptian world trade; created a well trained army
Chinese exclusion act 1880
Pased in 1882; banned Chinese immigration in US for a total of 40 years because the United States thought of them as a threat. Caused chinese population in America to decrease.
great trek
A migration of Dutch colonists out of British-controlled territory in South Africa during the 1830s., Movement of Boer settlers in Cape Colony of southern Africa to escape influence of British colonial government in 1834; led to settlement of regions nort
cecil rhodes
Born in 1853, played a major political and economic role in colonial South Africa. He was a financier, statesman, and empire builder with a philosophy of mystical imperialism.
south african war
1899-1902 war between british and Boers, may be caused by the rise of Africaker nationalism, British claim over Orange free state and Transvaal paved the way to single south african state in 1910