Bolsheviks
Radical Marxist political party founded by Vladimir Lenin in 1903. Under Lenin's leadership, the Bolsheviks seized power in November 1917 during the Russian Revolution.
Nikolai Bukharin
editor of Pravda and the main ideological voice for the right wing, a Communist Party faction who opposed Trotsky's drive for rapid industrialization in the 1920s. Bukharin supported Lenin's NEP. He and Stalin shared similar positions on economic development, but he was later forced off the Politburo when Stalin changed his policies in 1929. Under theGreat Purges, Bukharin confessed to political crimes and was convicted and executed
Cheka
secret police, formed by Lenin
Communism and the Family
work by Alexandra Kollantai, a utopian writer in the early years of the Russian Revolution, that expressed her radical views on how family life should be based on equality, love and comradeship, and that responsibilities in the home should be divided b/n spouses. Outsiders unrealistically thought that she expressed socialist views in her works. (1918)
Warren G. Harding
president after World War I who promised to return the US to normal.
Pres.1921 laissez-faire, little regard for gov't or presidency. "return to normalcy" after Wilson + his progressive ideals. Office became corrupt: allowed drinking in prohibition, had an affair, surrounded himself w/ cronies (used office for private gain). Ex) Sec. of Interior leased gov't land w/ oil for $500,000 and took money himself. Died after 3 years in office, VP: Coolidge took over
Vladimir Kollontai
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Vladimir Lenin
Founder of the Russian Communist Party, this man led the November Revolution in 1917 which established a revolutionary soviet government based on a union of workers, peasants, and soldiers.
New Economic Plan
Plan implemented by Lenin that allowed some private ownership of businesses and small plots of land. (1921)
Normalcy
A return to "normal" life after the war.
Peace, Bread, and Land
Lenin's slogan in the Revolution. Peace from the war; Land for the peasants; Food for all.
Pravda(Truth)
Means truth. The Bolshevik party's newspaper whose offices were shut down by provisional government troops.
Red Army
The regular army of the former Soviet Union
Socialism in One Country
Policy adopted by Stalin in the autumn of 1924, in which the notion of a worldwide socialist revolution was abandoned in favor of making the Soviet Union a successful socialist state.
Joseph Stalin's concept of Russian communism based solely on the Soviet Union rather than the Leninist concept of international revolution; by cutting off the Soviet Union from other economies, the USSR avoided worst consequences of the Great Depression.
Third International
Moscow-dominated organization of communist parties around the world between the two world wars.
Terrorist organization dedicated to inciting Communist revolution and establishing worldwide Communist state
Treaty of Versailles
Created by the leaders victorious allies Nations: France, Britain, US, and signed by Germany to help stop WWI.
The treaty:
1)stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Airforce.
2) Germany had to rapair war damages(33 billion)
3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI
4) Germany could not manefacture any weapons.
Leon Trotsky
Russian revolutionary intellectual and close adviser to Lenin. A leader of the Bolshevik Revolution (1917), he was later expelled from the Communist Party (1927) and banished (1929) for his opposition to the authoritarianism of Stalin
Twenty-One Conditions
Two of its requirements were the acknowledgment of Moscow's leadership and adoption of the Communist name.
Imposed by the Comintern on any socialist party that wished to join it as of 1920. These conditions included acknowledging Moscow's leadership, rejecting reformist/revisionist socialism, repudiating previous socialist leaders, and adopting the Communist Party name
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Federal system of socialist republics established in 1923 in various ethnic regions of Russia; firmly controlled by Communist party; diminished nationalities protest under Bolsheviks; dissolved 1991.
War Communism
In World War I Russia, government control of banks and most industries, the seizing of grain from peasants, and the centralization of state administration under Communist control
White Russians
Those who opposed revolution in Russia and supported the tsarist regime.
Opposed the communist revolution in Russia; Became involved in a civil war with the Red Russians who supported the revolution; the White Russians lost the civil war