The primary products of light reactions in photosynthesis are: a. NADH and ATP
b. ATP and FADH2
c. ADP and NADP+
d. NADPH and ATP
e. ADP and Acetyl CoA
d. NADPH and ATP
In photosynthesis, light from the sun excites electrons in chlorophyll and other
pigments in chloroplasts. This leads to electron flow that powers the light reactions.
Which of the following processes is used to transfer energy from excited electrons in
c
b. Resonance energy transfer
Which of the following statements about photosystem II (PSII) is FALSE?
a. Electrons passing through PSII are removed from water generating O2
and H .
b.The reaction center of PSII contains a pair of special chlorophyll molecules.
c. At the end of PSII, e
d. PSII electrons are transferred though ferredoxin (Fd).
Which of the following statements about the three stages of the Calvin Cycle is
TRUE?
a. Regeneration produces six carbon sugars.
b. Fixation takes CO2
and adds the carbon atom to a 5-carbon sugar while releasing
the oxygen as O2
c. Regeneration has 4-, 5
c. Regeneration has 4-, 5-, and 7-carbon intermediates.
Photorespiration is a separate reaction carried out by Rubisco. Which of the
following statements about photorespiration is TRUE?
a. In photorespiration, rubisco reacts with O2and to produce phosphoglycolate
and 3-phosphoglycerate.
b. Photorespiration mos
a. In photorespiration, rubisco reacts with O2and to produce phosphoglycolate
and 3-phosphoglycerate.
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is found in plants that grow in arid climates.
Pick the CORRECT description of the modification CAM plants have made to
photosynthesis to use less water.
a. CAM plants do not remove electrons from water during photosynth
e. CAM plants absorb CO2
at night and fix this carbon though photosynthesis
during
the day.
Glycogen branching is important for:
a. Decreasing glycogen solubility.
b. Increasing the rate of glycogen degradation by increasing the number of sites
available for glycogen phosphorylase.
c. Regulating the rate of glycogen synthesis.
d. Helping localiz
b. Increasing the rate of glycogen degradation by increasing the number of sites
available for glycogen phosphorylase.
Glycogen phosphorylase is a critical enzyme for degradation of glycogen. Which of
the following statements about glycogen phosphorylase is TRUE?
a. Glycogen phosphorylase hydrolyzes ?-1,6-linkages in glycogen.
b. Glycogen phosphorylase transfers glucose p
c. Glycogen phosphorylase stops removing glucose four residues from branches in
glycogen.
Which of the following descriptions of the regulation of glycogen phosphorylase is
TRUE?
a. It is regulated by phosphorylation.
b. Liver and muscle proteins are regulated by the same allosteric regulators.
c. During exercise, phosphorylase a in muscles is
a. It is regulated by phosphorylation.
Which of the following statements about storing glucose as glycogen is FALSE?
a. Glycogenin is a protein that primes glycogen synthesis.
b. To synthesize glycogen, glucose must be activated by reacting with UTP to form
UDP-glucose.
c. Glycogen synthesis o
d. Human diseases caused by mutations in enzymes involved in glycogen storage are
almost always fatal.
Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) regulates glycogen levels in cells. Which of the
following statements is TRUE about the regulation of protein phosphatase 1?
a. PP1
dephosphorylates glycogen synthase making it more active.
b. PP1 dephosphorylates glycogen phos
a. PP1
dephosphorylates glycogen synthase making it more active.
The energy cost of adding glucose to glycogen is?
a. Hydrolysis of one ATP to ADP and one NADH to NAD+
b. Hydrolysis of one ATP to ADP
c. Hydrolysis of two ATP to ADP
d. Hydrolysis of two ATP to ADP and one NADPH to NADP+ e. Only requires
hydrolysis of UT
c. Hydrolysis of two ATP to ADP
The initial product of photosynthesis is a proton gradient across the thylakoid
membrane in chloroplasts. Pick the BEST TRUE statement about this proton
gradient.
a. The proton gradient drives the transport of other ions like sodium and potassium.
b. The
b. The proton gradient is used to synthesize ATP.
Pick the BEST CORRECT ending: "Chlorophyll molecules in the chloroplast
reaction center ...
a. ... are the only light absorbing pigments in the chloroplast."
b. ... are found only in chloroplasts at the tops of plants."
c. ... convert light energy to a se
c. ... convert light energy to a separation of charge to initiate electron flow.
Rubisco is the central enzyme in fixing carbon in the Calvin Cycle. Which of the
following statements describing reactions and regulation of rubisco is TRUE?
a. Rubisco is located on the stromal surface of the thylakoid and is activated by
low pH (high [H
c. Rubisco can convert oxygen and ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate to one molecules of 3-
phosphoglycerate and phosphoglycolate.
Which of the following compounds IS NOT an intermediate in the Regeneration
step of the Calvin Cycle?
a. the four-carbon sugar, Xylulose 5-phosphate
b. the three-carbon sugar, dihydroxyacetone phosphate
c. the seven-carbon sugar, sedoheptulose 7- phosphat
e. two-carbon, acetyl phosphate
Pick the best TRUE statement about C4
plants.
a. C4
plants use less energy (ATP and NADPH) to fix CO2than C3
plants.
b. C4plants are adapted to grow best in cold, dark climate such as sub-artic tundra.
c. C4plants decrease the CO2
concentration in bundle-
d. C4plants use 4 carbon compounds to transport CO2
to bundle-sheath cells where
it is fixed by the Calvin cycle.
The figure below shows the structure of glycogen. Pick the BEST CORRECT
answer that is the name or description of the indicated part of the molecule?
1. Non-reducing ends
2. ?-1,4 linkage
3. ?-1,6 linkage
4. circled: monomer of fructose
5. All of the prev
1. Non-reducing ends
Which of the following descriptions of the regulation of glycogen phosphorylase is
TRUE?
a. It is regulated by phosphorylation.
b. Liver and muscle proteins are regulated by the same allosteric regulators.
c. During exercise, phosphorylase a in muscles is
a. It is regulated by phosphorylation.
Which of the following statements about glycogen synthase is TRUE?
a. Uses glucose 6-phosphate as a substrate
b. Can only add to polysaccharide chains that contain four or more units
c. Must bind to glycogenin to initiate glycogen chains
d. Forms a ?-1,6
b. Can only add to polysaccharide chains that contain four or more units
Protein phosphatase 1 down regulates glycogen degradation and stimulates glycogen
synthesis. Pick the best TRUE statement about this regulation?
1. Protein phosphatase 1 is regulated by inhibitor proteins in both muscle and
liver
tissues.
2. Protein phosp
5. All of the previous statements are true.
24. ______________ results from mutations in the muscle form of glycogen phosphorylase.
Patients are not able to regenerate sufficient ATP upon extended exercise.
a. Hypoglycemia
b. Hyperinsulinemia
c. Type I diabetes
d. McArdle-disease
e. Type II diabete
d. McArdle-disease