suffrage
the right to vote
chartist movement
in 19-th century Britain, members of the working class demanded reforms in Parliament and in elections, including suffrage for all men
Third republic
the republic that was established in France after the downfall of Napoleon III and ended with the German occupation of France during the World War II
Dreyfus
a contorversy in Frane in the 1890's centering on the trial and imprisonment of a Jewish army officer, Captain Alfred Dreefus, who had been falsely accused of selling military secrets to Germany.
anti- Semitism
prejudice against Jews
Zionism
a movement founded in the 1890s to promote Jewish self-determination and the establishment of a Jewish state in the ancient Jewish homeland.
dominion
a nation such as Canada allowed to govern its own domestic affairs
Maori
a member of a Polynesian people who settled in New Zealand around a..d. 800
Aborigine
a member of any of the native peoples of Australia.
penal colony
a colony to which convicts are sent as an alternative to prison.
home rule
a control over internal matters granted to the residents of a region by a ruling government.
Irish Republican
an unofficial nationalist military force seeking independence for Ireland from Great Britain.
Manifest destiny
the idea, popular among mid- 19th-century Americans, that it was the right and the duty of the United States to rule North America from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.
secede
withdraw formally from an association or alliance
U.S. Civil War
a conflict between Northern and Southern states of the United States over the issue of slavery, last ing from 1861 to 1865.
Emancipation Prolimation
Proclamation n. a declaration issued by U.S. president Abraham Lincoln in 1863, stating that all slaves in the Confederate states were free.
segregation
the legal or social separation of people of different races.
assembly line
in a factory, an arrangement in which a product is moved from worker to worker, with each person performing a single task in its manufacture.
theory of evolution
he idea, proposed by Charles Darwin in 1859, that species of plants and animals arise by means of a process of natural selection.
radioactivity
a form of energy released as atoms decay
psychology
the study of the human mind and human behavior
mass culture
the production of works of art and entertainment designed to appeal to a large audience.