6 strategies of the cold war
1.Espionage
2.Brinkmanship
3. Alliances
4. Foreign aid
5. Propaganda
6.Surrogate Wars
August coup
8 hard line communists acted to seize power the day before the "Union Treaty" was to be signed. This treaty would have given more self-rule to the republic and ended domination by Moscow. The August coup was carried out by these 8 in order to prevent the
Berlin Wall - rise
In 1961, Soviets build Berlin Wall to separate East and West Berlin
Berlin Wall - fall
Protests erupted in East Germany, and border guards did not do anything and the wall is breached.
Brezhnev's leadership
He was a Soviet leaders after Khrushchev�represses dissent
brinkmanship
A 1956 term used by Secretary of State John Dulles to describe a policy of risking war in order to protect national interests.
Commonwealth of Independent States
Confederacy of independent states of the former Soviet Union that have united because of their common economic and administrative needs.
Two Chinas (Communist and Nationalist)
1949 Chaing fled to Taiwan and claimed his headquarters in there to create a true government and Mao established the People's Republic of China under communist rule creating this
Containment
American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world
Cuban Missile Crisis
(JFK) , , an international crisis in October 1962, the closest approach to nuclear war at any time between the U.S. and the USSR. When the U.S. discovered Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba, President John F. Kennedy demanded their removal and announced a na
Cultural Revolution
(1966-1976) Political policy in started in China by Mao Zedong to eliminate his rivals and train a new generation in the revolutionary spirit that created communist China. The Cultural Revolution resulted in beatings, terror, mass jailings, and the deaths
Destalinization
Khrushchev's policy of purging the Soviet Union of Stalin's memory; monuments of Stalin were destroyed; Stalin's body was moved outside the Kremlin Wall; Khrushchev did this because he disliked Stalin for jailing and killing loyal Soviet citizens
Detente
A lessening of tensions between U.S. and Soviet Union. Besides disarming missiles to insure a lasting peace between superpowers, Nixon pressed for trade relations and a limited military budget. The public did not approve.
domino theory
A theory that if one nation comes under Communist control, then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control.
East Berlin
eastern section of the city of Berlin, Germany, divided from the western section by the Berlin Wall from 1961 to 1989
West Berlin
The new area that resulted form the merging of the US, British and French zones of Berlin in 1948 in response to the Soviet attempt to harm Germany's economy
East and West Germany
German Democratic Republic (East Berlin) and Federal Republic of Germany (Bonn); The East was communist, and the West was capitalist. , Basically East Germay is East, (towards U.S.S.R) and West Germany is the other way. West Germany is quite a bit bigger.
Great Leap Forward
China's second five-year plan under the leadership of the impatient Mao, it aimed to speed up economic development while simultaneously developing a completely socialist society. This plan failed and more than 20 million people starved between 1958 and 19
How the cold war impact countries around the world
Some countries were affected by having wars erupt within them. The three biggest examples of this were Vietnam, Korea, and Afghanistan. In each of these wars, indigenous communists fought indigenous non-communists. In each case, both sides had help from o
Iron Curtain
A term popularized by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill to describe the Soviet Union's policy of isolation during the Cold War. The barrier isolated Eastern Europe from the rest of the world.
Mao Zedong - People's Republic of China
Mao Zedong�leads Chinese Communists against Japanese invaders. Mao's troops take control of China's major cities. Mao takes property from landowners and divides it among peasants. Government seizes private companies and plants production increase
Marshall Plan
..., A plan that the US came up with to revive war-torn economies of Europe. This plan offered $13 billion in aid to western and Southern Europe.
Mikhail Gorbachev
Head of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. His liberalization effort improved relations with the West, but he lost power after his reforms led to the collapse of Communist governments in eastern Europe.
NATO
..., North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries
nonaligned nations
The independent countries that remained neutral in the Cold War competition between the United States and the Soviet Union.
Nuclear Arms Race
The competition for supreme nuclear warfare between the US and the Soviet Union
Reasons for the break down in the alliance between the US and the Soviets after WWII
The dissolution of the Soviet Union was a process of systematic disintegration, which occurred in economy, social structure and political structure. It resulted in the abolition of the Soviet Federal Government ("the Union center") and independence of the
Richard Nixon
1968 and 1972; Republican; Vietnam: advocated "Vietnamization" (replace US troops with Vietnamese), but also bombed Cambodia/Laos, created a "credibility gap," Paris Peace Accords ended direct US involvement; economy-took US off gold standard (currency va
Ronald Reagan
(1981-1985) and (1985-1989), first elected president in 1980 and elected again in 1984. He ran on a campaign based on the common man and "populist" ideas. He served as governor of California from 1966-1974, and he participated in the McCarthy Communist sc
SALT
(RN), Strategic Arms Limitation Talks- A pact that served to freeze the numbers of long-range nuclear missiles for five years in 1972. This treaty between Nixon (U.S.), China, and the Soviet Union served to slow the arms race that had been going on betwee
space race
Many scientists and military leaders believed that control of space would be very important. Consequently, the USA and USSR invested billions of dollars in developing satellites, space stations, rockets, etc. This investment led to great scientific advanc
Strategic Defense Initiative
Popularly known as "Star Wars," President Reagan's SDI proposed the construction of an elaborate computer-controlled, anti-missile defense system capable of destroying enemy missiles in outer spaced. Critics claimed that SDI could never be perfected.
Tactics used by the US and Soviet Union to influence Third World Countries.
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Third World Countries
Term from the Cold War to define countries that remained non-aligned or neutral with either capitalism and NATO or communism and the Soviet Union. This term has since changed since the end of the Cold War to represent poor countries and as of current time
Truman Doctrine
(HT) , 1947, President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey
U.S. Foreign policy during the cold war
Containment was a United States policy using numerous strategies to prevent the spread of communism abroad. A component of the Cold War, this policy was a response to a series of moves by the Soviet Union to enlarge its communist sphere of influence in Ea
U-2 Incident
The incident when an American U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. The U.S. denied the true purpose of the plane at first, but was forced to when the U.S.S.R. produced the living pilot and the largely intact plane to validate their claim of
United Nations
An international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. It was founded in 1945 at the signing of the United Nations Charter
Vladimir Putin
(1952-) A Russian politician who has been the President of Russia since 7 May 2012. Putin previously served as President from 2000 to 2008, and as Prime Minister of Russia from 1999 to 2000 and again from 2008 to 2012. Putin was also previously the Chairm
Warsaw Pact
The Warsaw Pact (formally, the Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance, sometimes, informally WarPac, akin in format to NATO) was a collective defense treaty among eight communist states of Central and Eastern Europe in existence during
Yalta Agreement
In February 1945, Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt met in Yalta in the Crimea; formally agreed to divide Germany and its capital, Berlin, into military occupation zones at the close of the war.
What was the relationship between the nuclear race and the space race?
The brinkmanship of the Nuclear Arms Race lead to the advancements in the Space Race. Each of the superpowers continued trying to outdo each other in their weapon technology and this competition continued into the Space Race and creating space exploration
Space Race
Space Race
In the late 1950s, the USA and the Soviet Union competed for influence in the skies. Once the superpowers had ICBMs (intercontinental ballistic missiles) to delivered nuclear warheads, they both began to develop technology to explore space.
How did China's Cultural Revolution's concept of equality differ from the U.S. concept of equality stated in the "self-evident truth," that all people are created equal.
the concept of equality in the United States as defined in the Declaration of Independence is that "all men are created equal." The idea is that people, by virtue of their humanity, have certain rights, and that the purpose of government is to protect tho
Why do you suppose that allowing the free exchange of ideas led to the democratization of the Soviet Union?
This increased economic links, and allowed more cross-cultural interaction and international travel, the Soviet Union lost its isolation. Thus, when exposed to the rich and free capitalist countries all around, the people's thirst for freedom grew.
Notes on how the post WWII countries were divided.
Following World War II, the world's nations were grouped politically into three "worlds". The first was the industrialized capitalist nations, including the United States and its allies. The Second was the Communist nations, led by the Soviet Union. The T