Why did Japanese democracy fail in the 1920s? Why did the country embrace militarism?
Because militant groups gained control of the political system and were convinced that Western ideas had corrupted the parliamentary system. They were upset at the pacifist policies. They wanted traditional Japanese values and the expansion of Japan.
Sun Yat-sen
1920s. China. Leader of the Nationalists. Anti-imperialists. In 1923, his party the Nationalists formed an alliance with the Communists to oppose the warlords and drive the imperialist powers out of China.
Chiang Kai-shek
1925. China. Succeeded Sun Yat-sen. Pretended to support the alliance with the Communists until he struck against them in 1927 in Shanghai Massacre. Thousands killed. The alliance was over. He worked to reunify China. Considered Communism 'disease of the
Shanghai Massacre
When Kai-shek organized a strike against the Communists in Shanghai. Thousands were killed. Forced Communist leaders in to hiding.
Mao Zedong
Communist organizer. Believed Chinese revolution would be driven by the peasants and not the urban working class. Fought against the more powerful Kai-shek army and used guerrilla tactics.
The Long March
Happened when Kai-shek's army surrounded the weaker Communists in a southern province. To survive, they had to escape to a safe place in the north. They marched over 6,000 miles through cold and mountains and only 9000 made it out of 90,000.
Why did Sun Yat-sen welcome the Chinese communists into his Nationalist party? How did Chaing Kai-shek change this policy?
To fight the imperialist powers. Kai-shek attacked the Communists. Did not like their ideology.
What challenges did Chaing Kai-shek face in Modernizing China?
The majority of the people were peasants and very traditional. They were not ready for Western ideas.
In what important ways was China divided during the 1920s and 1930s? (graphic on p. 606-607)
The urban Chinese were middle class and more modern and Western, whereas the peasants were poor and traditional.
when did CCP formed?
in 1921, by young radicals from Beijing University, in Shanghai.
why the Communist Party allied with the Nationalist Party?
- Communist need Nationalist's experience.
- Nationalist need Soviet Union's expertise.
- common goal: to drive out imperialists
Why did communism no longer seem a threat to China after Long March?
- only 10% of their troops remained.
-they barely survived the year-long march of 6000 miles.
what role did the Long March play in Mao's rise to power?
it established Mao as clear leader of Communists, he was elected Communist Party Leader right after march.
How did Long March build support for the Communist cause?
The Red Army treat the peasant with respect and earn support of the masses.
What did the Chiang hope to achieve with the New life Movement?
- rally the people against the Communists.
- increase nation pride.
- unify Chinese and prepare them to address larger issues.
the group of people that Mao Zedong believed would be driving force behind the Chinese revolution?
poor rural peasants.
List Chiang's successes during 1930s
- improved transportation.
- new factories.
- reduced foreign influence.
- established a national bank.
- improved education.
what did Mao's long March accomplished?
- kept the communist movement alive.
- Mao emerged as Communist leader.
- Mao won support of peasants.
why did Chiang believe a period of political tutelage was necessary?
- avoid disorder
- learn how to function in a republic.