During the Industrial revolution, life changed in what basic way?
People migrated from rural areas to cities.
What was the function of the cotton gin?
Separating seeds from raw cotton.
The first factories developed in what industry?
Textiles.
What were the Luddites?
Labor organizations.
What did Abraham Darby's experiments lead him to do in the early 1700s?
Less expensive better-quality iron.
Why did Thomas Malthus discourage vaccinations?
He believed disease was the natural means of population control.
What did David Ricardo explain in his "Iron Law of Wages"?
Wage increase will not raise the standard of living of poor families.
The greatest happiness for the greatest number" was a goal of what?
Utilitarianism.
Why did German socialist form a social democracy in the 1860s?
In order to transform gradually form capitalism to socialism.
Why did Karl Marx despise capitalism?
He believed that is created prosperity for a few and poverty for many.
Why resulted from land enclosure in the 1600s and 1700s?
Larger farms.
How did Abraham Darby make better quality iron?
Using coal to smelt iron.
Who made stream more efficient power source?
Because of its improvement made by James Watt.
What did the development of steam power enable the growth of?
Railroads.
In what was were railroads an improvement over canals?
Railroads could be built anywhere.
How were railroads more efficient than steamships?
Railroads didn't have to follow the course of the river.
The putting-out system was what type of method?
Producing cloth in individual homes.
The people who lived in tenements in industrial cities were part of what social class?
Working class.
Laws called "factory acts" were passed in the 1800s to do what?
Laws to reform child labor.
Why were most early factory workers women?
Employers could pay women less than men and they were easier to control.
What is a long-term result of the Industrial Revolution?
General rise in the standard of living.
According to laissez-faire economics, what was the cure for poverty?
An unrestricted free market.
What Dodd Jeremy Bentham believe?
Laws should be judged by whether they bring more pleasure than pain.
What was the solution to poverty and injustice, according to socialism?
Shared ownership by the people of the means of production.
Which group established communities where all work is shared and all poverty is owned in common?
Utopians.