The Three Estates
How France seperated social class
1st - priests, bishops and heads of monastery
2nd - nobles or govt representatives
3rd - commoners
Conditions Leading to French Revolution
1)Economy - monarchy spent money on themselves making the countries economy poor
2) King Luis XVI spent millions on the Palaceof Versailles
3) Queen Marie Antoinette spent thousands on ball gowns and rich parties
4) Deficit Spending
Who were the King and Queen during the French Revolution? What was their fate?
King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette, both were beheaded
Describe Estates-General?
There was a meeting that took place, King Louis was upset everyone else wanted to write a new constitution, so he locked everyone out.
What did the Tennis Court Oath promise to do?
The National Assembly vowed to continue meeting until the new constitution was written.
What was France's new legislature called?
The National Assembly
Why did the people of Paris storm the Bastille?
Because they wanted to release the prisoners and cease the gunpowder store there.
What famous document argued that all French males are equal?
The Declaration of the Rights of Men and Citizen (slaves and women)
Who were the Sans)Culottes, and what did they represent?
They were the third Estates middle class and were part of the Bourgeoisie
Who led the Reign of Terror?
Maximilien Robespierre
What machine was used to kill 40,000 during the Reign of Terror?
The Guillotine
From studying the circle graphs pp213, what inferences can you draw about the causes of the revolution?
Unfair taxation - The third estates contributed most to taxes and landownership
Equality was one of the slogans of the French Revolt. Identify 5 occasions when different groups expressed concern for equality during the revolt.
1) first estate had a taille (aka chief tax of 2%)
2) landownership majority were commoners
3) second estate didnt have a taille
4) third estate paid half their income to taxes
5) third estate had least amount of rights
How did the Committee of Public Safety identify enemies of the state?
They identified them by the people who were under suspicion of betraying France, they were ordered to be beheaded or put to death by guillotine.
How did the French Revolution army help to create modern nationalism?
By having one of the biggest army's in Europe and having the army created by the people's government.
Did the French Republic live up to the revolts ideals of Liberty, equality and Fraternity?
By completely changing the govt they completely changed the constitution for equality of men, and strenghtened the army, and established way to elect leaders via electors.
How did the principles of the French Revolt spread throughout Europe?
The goods being shipped in and out of France were steadily coming to a stop.
Deficit Spending
govt spends more then what they have
National Assembly
They were the third estate that had left the Estates General becuase they were locked out
Bastille
famous jail in France that represented the repression from the the regiment of France
Sans-culottes
they were the Bourgeoisie, and ordinary patriots without fine coats aka retired govt officials
Olympe de Gouges
She wrote the Declaration of Women France and wrote journals to fight for womens rights in the French Revolt
Emigre
There were immigrants from other countries that were protected by France
Maximillien Robespierre
He was Jacobin. He was also the leader of the Committee of Public Safety.
Guillotine
death machine that chopped your head off
Louis XVI
King of France, didnt want to be king, didnt care for govt, thats why it fell apart
Palace of Versailles
Was King Louis and Marie Antoinettes Home lavish home
Committee of Public Safety
A special committee of twelve. They were established to meet the domestic and foreign crises after the King was killed.
Declaration of the Rights of Man & Citizen
Declaration written by National Assembly which establishes that all men no matter what estate (aka class) were equal
Bourgeoisie
Middle class of the third estate. Merchants, bankers, manufacturers and professional like lawyers
Estates-General
Three Estates meeting to discuss economic and political issues
Tennis Court Oath
June 1789 when three estates were locked out and met at the Tennis Court where they decided to continue to meet to write a new constitution
Faction
dissenting (disagreeing) groups over the fate of the King
Jacobins
a network of national political clubs
Marie Antoinette
King Louis wife, had issues with spending too much money
Suffrage
...
Reign of Terror
when monarch controlled land by fear of people themselves
Nationalism
sense of unique identity of people
Jean Paul Marat
popular revolutionary leader