Who developed the idea behind the "survival of the fittest"?
Charles Darwin
What events were the result of tensions between liberal and nationalist aspirations of the people of Europe and the conservative authorities?
Revolutions of 1848
Why did conservative governments agree to expand voting rights, establish public health care, social security pensions, and a free public education?
To avoid political unrest among by appeasing the middle and urban working class.
What government building, with enormous symbolic importance, was destroyed by the people of Paris in the beginning days of the French Revolution?
The Bastille
What action by the leaders of the French Revolution demonstrates that they were influenced by the Enlightenment?
The called for the fall of the absolute monarchy
When the representatives of the Third Estate declared themselves to be the "National Assembly" of France, the were signalling what Enlightened belief?
Political sovereignty belongs to the nation as a whole
Who believed that Terror was a necessary part of the French Revolution?
Robespierre
What caused the people of France to "radicalize" during the Revolution?
Austria and Prussia declaring war on France, rising factions in the Assembly, and the rise of the sans-culottes
What best explains the eventual defeat of Napoleon and his forces?
Flawed policies that exacerbated (made worse) resistance to French rule
What Enlightenment principal declares slavery evil because it denies people liberty?
Abolition
The acquisition of new markets and sources of raw materials often drove Industrial nations to engage in _____________.
Imnperialism
How did local peoples resist European Imperialism?
Local elites resisted the takeover, Urban middle classes developed nationalism, peasant revolts
From the perspective of African peoples, the conquest of Africa resulted in a loss of _____________, despite the assurances of Europeans that Imperialism would result in benefits to Africa.
Political independence
How did political systems change among African peoples as a result of Imperialism?
Traditional forms of authority were weakened
How did British rule hurt India?
The British caused a reduction in the food supply, destroyed local industry, and forced the people to pay high taxes