What type of government did the Greeks have?
Democracy
What type of government did the Romans have?
Democratic Republic
According to the Greeks what were all citizens expected to do?
participate in government
How did the Roman attitude toward Christianity change over time?
Romans persecuted Christians at first, but later embraced and spread Christianity
What are two ways that the Roman's influenced America?
Legal System and Architecture
What groups were at the lowest level in Feudal society?
peasants and townspeople
Why is it called the Middle Ages?
it was the time period between Roman Empire and Modern Era
Why are the Middle Ages sometimes called the Dark Ages?
It was a time period when trade declined and growth slowed
What was the role of the church during the Middle Ages?
advised leaders. gave people hope in a dark time, provided education and supported the arts
What were some of the positive changes at the end of the Middle Ages?
population growing, food supply increasing, trade increasing, warfare decreasing
How many people died during the Bubonic plague?
25 million people
How did the plague change the labor market?
increased demand for labor and ended serfdom
Nicholas Copernicus
Developed that heliocentric (sun centered) theory of the solar system
Galileo Galilei
Improved the telescope and became known as the father of modern astronomy and physics
Johannes Kepler
Developed the three laws of planetary motion
Francis Bacon
developed the scientific method
Isaac Newton
Stated the three laws of motion and developed the theory of gravity
Scientific Revolution
A major change in European thought, starting in the mid-1500s, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs
Enlightenment
a new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems
Natural Rights
Enlightenment idea that all people are born with certain rights. Used as central idea of Declaration of Independence
What was the main idea of the enlightenment?
People have the ability to reason
Enlightenment ideas influence revolution in
North America, Latin America and Europe
reformation
attempt to reform the Catholic Church
Martin Luther
16th century German monk and professor who is considered to be the person who started the Protestant Reformation; he began by criticizing Church practices (mainly indulgences) and ultimately broke with the Catholic Church to form his own new religious fai
predestination
Belief that no matter what a person does, the outcome of life is already determine by God
indulgences
Selling of forgiveness by the Catholic Church. It was common practice when the church needed to raise money. The practice led to the Reformation. If you buy it- all sins relieved
Church Of England
Church created in England as a result of a political dispute between Henry VIII and the Pope, Pope would not let Henry divorce his wife
Printing Press
15th century invention which revolutionized the ability to print information which in turn affected the speed of the spread of information itself.
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
England
Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England?
England has an abundance of iron ore and coal and money to invest
factory system
A method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building
What are some negative effects of the Industrial Revolution?
child labor, dangerous working conditions
How did the industrial revolution affect incomes?
they rose, creating more social classes
humanism
A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements
What were some of the characteristics of the Renaissance?
renewed interest in Greek and Rome, blending of secular ideas and religious, rebirth after the Middle Ages, emphasis on the individal
Where did the renaissance begin?
Italy
Who was the author of the Prince who advised leaders to use whatever means are necessary to achieve their goals?
Niccolo Machiavelli
What is perspective?
painting technique used to create 3d images
What artist painted the ceiling Sistine Chapel?
Michaelangelo
What artist was nicknamed the Renaissance man because of his expertise as a painter, inventor, sculptor and engineer?
Leonardo da Vinci
Who painted the Mona Lisa?
Leanardo da Vinci
Why did education spread during the Enlightenment?
books were read by the masses not just the educated elite