What did exploration and colonization ignite or begin?
Worldwide commercial expansion or trade
What products were exchanged between the Americans and Europe?
Agricultural products
To what ideas did European colonization in the Americas eventually lead?
Ideas of representative government and religious toleration that were later copied in other parts of the world
What does religious toleration mean?
That one excepts another person's religion even though it is different
What factors shaped regional economic differences in the American colonies
Client soil conditions and other natural resources
What a large group of immigrants to the New World came involuntarily
Africans
Why did the Puritans settled new England
They were seeking religious freedom from religious persecution in Europe
Define the term Puritans
Englishman who believed in the Anglican church should purify or cleanse itself by abandoning it a ritual and ceremony
What was another name for the Anglican church
Church of England
Who were the pilgrims
A group of extreme Puritans
Where did the pilgrims settle
Plymouth Massachusetts
What is a covenant
A promise or agreement
What was the Mayflower compact
In agreement signed by the male passengers on the Mayflower to respect laws agreed-upon for the general good of the colony
Who founded the Massachusetts Bay colony
Puritans
What basic unit of settlement was used by Puritan church congregations in the Massachusetts Bay colony
The town
What is the historical significance of the Puritan town meetings
In these town meetings the Puritans practiced a form of direct democracy
Explain how direct democracy worked at new England town meetings
Each member of the Puritan church could vote at town meetings and thereby participate directly in making the laws for that town in other words each Puritan church member helps make the laws for their town
Name the four new England colonies
Massachusetts New Hampshire Connecticut and Rhode Island
What ancient model did the new England town meetings follow
Direct democracy in ancient Athens the Athenian direct democracy model
What are two major reasons why the Puritans settled in new England
Religious freedom and economic opportunity
What European groups chiefly settled in the mid Atlantic region
English Dutch and German
Why did European immigrants settled in the mid Atlantic region
Religious freedom and economic opportunity
What served as the major reason for the settlement of Virginia and other southern colonies
...economic opportunity
Who were the Virginia Cavaliers
English nobility who received large land grants in eastern Virginia from the king of England
What was the occupation of many poor English immigrants to Virginia and in what part of the colony did many of them settle
Small farmers or arsons they settled in the Shenandoah Valley or western Virginia
Define the term Artisans
Skilled craftsmen
Define the term indentured servant
People who agreed to work for a master for a fixed period of time in order to pay for passage to the New World
Who were these indentured servant and from where did they often come
Poor people from England Scotland and Ireland
What was the first permanent English settlement in North America and when was it settled
Jamestown 1607
What was the Virginia House of burgesses and why was it important
Virginia's lawmaking body it was the first elected assembly in the New World
What has been the name of Virginia's lawmaking body sense independence from Great Britain
The General assembly
What regions of the Western Hemisphere did the Spanish explorer and settle
The Caribbean and Central America and South America
How did European colonization effect the American Indians
1.violent conflicts to Indians lost their land three Indians died of European diseases like smallpox
What region of the Western Hemisphere did the French explorer
Canada
How did the effects of French exploration differ from those of English exploration
One no large-scale immigration from France to French had better relations with the Indians
What institution was introduced into the new world as a result of the agricultural economy which developed in the southern colonies and Caribbean Sea
African slavery
What was the result of European introduction of African slavery in the New World
Europeans forced millions of Africans to come to the Americas against their will
What were the three reasons of English settlement along the Atlantic coast
1.New England colonies 2.The middle colonies 3.The southern colonies
What formed the economic basis of colonial New England
Shipbuilding fishing lumbering small-scale substance farming and eventually manufacturing
Define substance farming
Growing only enough food to feed one's family
What Puritan values or reflected in the prosperity of the new England colonies
Puritans strong belief in hard work and thrift
Name the middle colonies
New York New Jersey Pennsylvania and Delaware
What formed the basis of the middle colonies economy
Shipbuilding small-scale farming and trading
What two cities in the middle colonies began to grow a seaport and commercial trade centers
New York and Pennsylvania
What was the basis of economies in eastern colonial low lands of Virginia and other southern colonies
Large plantations the group cash crops rice tobacco and indigo for export to hear
What are Virginia eastern coastal low lands called
Tidewater
Name the southern colonies
Virginia Maryland South Carolina North Carolina and Georgia
What was this case cash crop of colonial Virginia
Tobacco
What are the two cash crops of colonial South Carolina
Rice and indigo
What forms the basis of the economy of the southern colonies in the mountains and valleys of the Appalachianfoothills
Substance farming hunting and trading
What Stromboli regarding property rights was shared by all the English colonies in North America
A strong belief in private ownership of property and free enterprise
What to labor systems supply the labor needs of the plantation economy which developed in the southern colonies
Indentured servant and African slaves
What was the origin of most of the indentured servant in colonial America
Poor people from England Scotland or Ireland
Where and when did the first Africans arrived in colonial America
Jamestown 1619
What is believed to have been the legal status of the first Africans brought to the New World how did the status of Africans change over time
Indentured servant overtime Africans were treated as servants for life and later slaves
Define the middle passage
The cruel and inhumane transportation of African slaves buy ship from Africa to the New World
What to developments resulted from plantation economies and labor shortages in the English colonies
The African slave trade and a slave labor system
Eventually what war was caused by the development of a slavery based agricultural economy in the southern colonies
The American Civil War
What served as the basis of society in colonial New England
Religious standing
What was the Puritans attitude towards religious dissenters
Grew incomplete increasingly intolerant of dissenters who challenged Puritan beliefs
Define the term religious dissenters
People who disagree with the dominant religion
What to center founded the colony of Rhode Island and why did you start the new colony
Roger williams to fully persecution by Puritans in Massachusetts
What religious group settled in the middle colonies and in which colony did each group settle
Quakers in Pennsylvania Presbyterians in New Jersey Jews and huguenots in New York
Who were the Huguenots
French Protestants
What religious groups generally believed in religious tolerance
Quakers Presbyterians Huguenots and Jews
What Socio economic class developed in the middle colonies and in what ways did members of this class earn a living
Middle-class of skilled artisans entrepreneurs and small commercial farmers
Define the term entrepreneur
Business owners
What formed the basis of the social structure in Virginia and the other southern colonies
Family status and land ownership
Who dominated the colonial government and society in the southern colonies
Large landowners
What was the most important church in Virginia and other southern colonies
The church of England
Which region of American colonies generally maintained stronger ties with Great Britain the southern colonies the new England colonies or the middle colonies?
The southern colonies
Who played leading roles in the colonial legislatures of the southern colonies
Planters
Who made up society in the mountains and valleys of the inland south
Small substance farmers hunters and traders of Scott Irish and English background
Define the term Scots Irish
Scottish Protestants who settled in the northern part of Ireland as part of England's effort to control Ireland
What was the great awakening
A religious movement that swept both Europe and the colonies during the mid-1700s
Who was the major leader of the great awakening
George Whitefield
What to Protestant denominations experienced rapid growth as a result of the great awakening
Baptist and Methodist
How did the great awakening relate to the American revolution
It laid one of the social foundations for the American revolution because it had challenged the existing religious and governmental order in various colonies