Chapter 17-France:The Road to Revolution

What French King was the epitome of an absolute Ruler? What was his nickname? What did he mean when he said, "L'etat, c'est moi"?

Louis XIV; "Sun King"; I am the State

Why are the 17th and 18th centuries referred to as the Age of Absolutism?

Several monarchs aspired to have absolute power

Describe the policies and organization of Louis XIV's government. Whom did he prefer to appoint to positions in his government?

He destroyed the independence of local and town governments by setting up various councils of state.All local matters were handled by agents of the centralized government; the men of the bourgeoisie/middle class

Describe the economic policies of France under Louis XIV. Who was the kings minister of finance?

developed trade with french colonies and encouraged industry at home, the king could raise taxes without consent but that the nobility did not have to pay; Jean Baptiste Colbert

Who was the "Father of New France"? Give the name and date for the first permanent French settlement in America.

Samuel de Champlain; 1608, Quebec

Name three other French explorers and their accomplishments. Why did the French have difficulty settling New France?

Jacques Marquette- a jesuit missionary
Louis Joliet- a fur trader, explored the central mississippi River
Robert Cavalier de la Salle- sailed down the Mississippi River to Gulf of Mexico; Tight political, economic, and religious restrictions set by the mother country limited personal freedom in the french colonies, discouraging frenchmen from moving to new france.

Describe Louis XIV's treatment of the Huguenots. How did this policy hurt France?

All Huguenot church buildings were to be destroyed, no public or private Huguenot worship services were to be allowed, ministers who would not convert to Romanism had to leave the country within 10 days or be put to death, children born to Huguenot parents were to be baptized by Romanist priests and raised as Catholics, and Huguenots were forbidden to leave the country; All the skilled Huguenot craftsmen, sailors, soldiers, and officers who fled France were then gained by her neighbors and rivals

What was the purpose for Louis's strong military organization? What was the outcome of the War of League of Augsburg?

It gave him confidence to engage in several wars with neighboring countries; the French won several battles but could not defeat so many enemies at once.

What was the most costly war of Louis XIV's reign? What treaty ended the war? What were its terms? What concept did it establish?

War of the Spanish Succession; Treaty of Utrecht; Philip of Anjou was permitted to become king of spain, but the thrones of Spain and France could never be united, Spain ceded to Austria several Italian territories, Spain ceded to England and the peninsula of Gibraltar, France ceded to England control of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and the Hudson Bay Territory; The balance of power concept

What was France's condition following the reign of Louis XIV?

France declined in power and prestige, social and economic problems produced discontentment at home, France continued its downward slide toward revolution

what was the Age of Enlightenment? Name the "Father of the Enlightenment" and the "Father of French Romanticism.

a movement that attempted to apply unaided human philosophy to all areas of mans life in order to establish a new social order; Voltaire; Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Who said "Apres moi le deluge"? Why did he say this?

Louis XV; his prophecy of doom would be fulfilled before the end of the century

Give the date for the storming of the Bastille. Why is this act significant?

July 14, 1789; it was important as a symbol of the "old regime". this was now celebrated on July 4-Independence day

Describe two reforms adopted by the National Assembly. Give the slogan of the new regime.

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, Civil Constitution of the Clergy; "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, or Death

What was France's first written constitution? What document set up a church of France?

Constitution of 1791; Constituent Assembly

Give the names for the three political divisions of the Constituent Assembly and what each division stood for. Name three leaders of the radical division.

Right- sat on the right side of the assembly
Center- sat in the center without any particular program or principles
Left- sat on the left-young radicals who distrusted the king and were displeased with the Constitution; Jean Paul Marat, Georges Jacques Danton, and Maximilien Robespierre

What government replaced the Constituent Assembly? What was one of the first things it did?

The constitution of 1791; gave the king only limited veto power, could temporarily delay legislation

What was the purpose for the Committee of public safety? Who led it?

12 men who were holding extensive police and judicial powers; Maximilien Robespierre

What was the Reign of Terror?

40,000 people died, and hundreds of thousands were arrested

Deism

The religion of the Enlightenment (1700s). Followers believed that God existed and had created the world, but that afterwards He left it to run by its own natural laws. Denied that God communicated to man or in any way influenced his life.

plebiscite

a vote by the electorate determining public opinion on a question of national importance

Continental System

Napoleon's policy of preventing trade between Great Britain and continental Europe, intended to destroy Great Britain's economy.

Lord Horatio Nelson

British admiral who led Britain to many important victories over the French. He crushed the French in Egypt at Abukir and destroyed French and Spanish fleets at the Battle of Trafalgar, where he died in battle.

Marie Louise

married Napoleon, Austrian's Emperor's daughter and the niece of Marie Antoinette

Elba

This island in the Mediterranean Sea off of Italy where Napoleon was initially exiled after he abdicated the throne for the first time. He promised to never leave, but does so and regains power in France for a short period called the Hundred Days

Louis XVIII

(1814-1824) Restored Bourbon throne after the Revoltion. He accepted Napoleon's Civil Code (principle of equality before the law), honored the property rights of those who had purchased confiscated land and establish a bicameral (two-house) legislature consisting of the Chamber of Peers (chosen by king) and the Chamber of Deputies (chosen by an electorate).

St Helena

mother of emperor constantine, she went on a pilgrimage to the holy land and found jesus' cross

Describe the rise of Napolian Bonaparte. What new republic did he
head?

He became a charismatic leader in France which led him to be voted as the leader (dictator) of France and he became very powerful ruler over Frnace. He was the leader of the Consulate.

Explain how napoleon's plans for an empire in the new world collapsed

napoleon wanted to rule more than just his country so he decided to rule the new world. in 1800 spain and france signed a treaty that returned Louisiana back to france. so with the territory of louisiana back he wanted to use the "breadbasket" method to feed the slaves. but he was thwarted by a slave revolt in haiti. now the territory was useless to him, so he decided to sell it to the united states in 1803

What was the outcome of the Battle of Trafalgar? What
was Napoleon's greatest victory?

The British navy destroyed a combined French and Spanish fleet; established England's supremacy on the World's oceans for the next 140 years; and the commander of the British navy was renowned Lord Horatio Nelson
-Battle of Austerlitz

What was Napoleon's greatest enemy in his campaign against Ru
ssia?

The Russian winter

At what battle was Napoleon's new army defeated by the combined forces of Europe? Give another name for this battle.

Battle of Leipzig; Battle of the Nations

What battle ended the final "Hundred Days" reign of Napolean? Who was the British general who won this battle? Give the year for this battle?

Battle of Waterloo. Duke of Wellington. 1815.