How did Muslim turn into an empire?
Early caliphs spread Islam and their authority throuhg 'jihad' (holy war)
-Death in jihad was rewarded by after-life in paridise...
-Conversion of conquered people encouraged but tolerance of other religons
Define Caliph
chief Muslim civil & religious leader, sucessor to Muhammad
Who was Abu Bakr? what did he do...
-First caliph
-Expanded Arab/muslim territory
-Muhammeds father-in-law- chosen by followers to be caliph
-Unified Arab Muslims
-Conqured much of Byzantine Empire
-battle of yarmuk 636, Palestine and Syria
-Established the capital Medina
-Conquered pErsian
How were Muhammeds successors chosen?
Chosen from Muhammeds main followers
Who was Ali?
Second caliph chosen 656
Assassinated after 5 years
-Shia and Sunni- they thought he was the true descendant but then he was assassinated sucks for him
What are the dates of the Umayyad dynasty?
661-750
What is the Umayyad dynasty
-Muslim dynasty
-Spread islam to western Europe and central asia
-Under it caliphate became hereditary
-Created muslim state in Spain with capital at Cordoba, by 725 they went furthur into Franks and fought BATTLE OF TOURS 732
-Unssuccessful attack on Con
Who was Mu-awiya
First Umayyad caliph
-moved capital to Damascus
How did the Shia/Sunni split occur?
resentment towarrd Umayyad rule
-Non-Arabs Muslims resented their second-class status...
-Hussein (descendant of Ali) launched an unsuccessful revolt against Umayads in mesopotamia
What is the difference between Sunni/Shia
Shia/Shite- only descendants of Ali are true caliphs so Umayyad is not lol
-Sunni/Sunnite- accepted Umayyad caliphs even if they did not agree with Umayyad rule
What was in 632
Abu Bakr becomes the first caliph/ muhammads death
What was in 656
Ali became Caliph
What was in 661
General Mu-awiyah became Caliph
What was in 750
Abbasid dynasty comes to power
When did Abu Bakr become the first caliph?
632
When did Ali become caliph
656
When did General mu-awiyah became Caliph
661
When did the Abbasid dynasty come to power?
750