Lytton's 1910 hunger strike
women's suffrage protest in Britain
free trade
trade between countries without quotas, tariffs, or other restrictions
Corn Laws
these laws introduced a heavy excise tax on foreign corn and other imported grains to make it too expensive - unfortunately, Englishmen could then charge higher amounts for their corn - led to unrest - free
traders, however, wanted Parliament to repeal th
repeal
cancel a law
abolition movement
the campaign against slavery and the slave trade
1807
Britain became the first European power to abolish the slave trade in this year
1833
Parliament passed a law banning slavery in all British colonies in this year
capital offenses
crimes punishable by death (in the early 1800s Britain had more than 200 like shoplifting and sheep stealing)
penal colonies
any petty criminals were instead transported to settlements outside Britain for convicts (Australia and New Zealand)
labor reform laws
1842 - mineowners forbidden to employ women or children under age 10; 1847 - limited women and children to a 10-hour day; new mine safety regulations; minimum wages and maximum work hours
Fabian Society
Group of English socialists who advocated electoral victories rather than violent revolution to bring about social change
Labour Party
new political party backed by socialists and union members founded in 1900
Emmeline Pankhurst
Leads movement to win women's vote (suffrage) through militant (radical, sometimes violent) means
absentee landlords
English settlers who owned large estates in Ireland but didn't live on them, bitterly resented by Irish peasants who lived in desperate poverty
Irish Potato Famine
1845-1852 diseased or blighted potatoes in Ireland were not fit for consumption so many Irish died off or immigrated to the United States
Daniel O'Connell
Irish nationalist leader ("The Liberator") - founded Irish Catholic League to obtain civil rights of Irish Catholics and held mass meetings to demand repeal of unfair laws
Catholic Emancipation Act
allowed Irish Catholics to vote and hold political office
Fenian Brotherhood
group organized by Irish militants with the goal to liberate Ireland from Britain by force
Charles Stewart Parnell
moderate Irish nationalist leader in the1870's - wanted home rule
home rule
local self-government (Ireland fought for decades to achieve it)
Which British social classes in the 1800s would benefit from the elimination of tariffs? Why?
the middle class, which included the people who carried out trade; the working class and the poor who would gain from lower food prices
Which social class would be hurt? Why?
the upper class, who would get lower prices for the grain produced on their land
Why would the British make trade unions legal but not allow strikes?
The government feared that strikes would hurt industries or the economy too much.
Why do you think the government pointed to the reforms as proof that democracy worked?
It showed it was possible to change society without a violent revolution
What tactics did suffragists first try?
collecting petitions and organizing huge public demonstrations
Why did Pankhurst and others take more drastic steps?
The earlier methods had not worked
Who was Pankhurst thinking of when she talked about "the enemy"?
the government; the people who opposed suffrage
Why did the Irish reject English rule?
They resented living in poverty while paying high rents to absentee landlords. Mostly Catholic, the Irish resented being forced to pay money to the Church of England