Imperialism
1. When a stronger, superior country takes over another country for economic, political, idealogical, religious, and exploratory purposes.
2. Many countries in Africa were imperialized for their raw materials.
Social Darwinism
1. Charles Darwin's theory that evolution and natural selection were applied to human society.
2. This idea lead to racism when many white people believed they were superior to other races
Paternalism
1. A policy used during direct control imperialism where the superior country governed in a paternal way by providing for their needs, but not giving them rights.
2. This method was used by France while imperializing in Africa, and they brought in their o
Assimilation
1. A policy used by France during imperialism based on the idea that in time, the local population would adopt the French culture and transition.
2. During this method, the France aided transition by patterning local schools, courts, and businesses after
Colony
1. A country or a territory governed internally by a foreign power.
2. Britain had many colonies around the world, in the United States, Africa, India, and many more.
Protectorate
1. A country or a territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power.
2, Britain established a protectorate over the Niger River delta.
Sphere of Influence
1. An area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges.
2. Liberia was under the sphere of influence of the United States
Economic Imperialism
1. An independent but less developed country controlled by private business interests rather than other governments.
2. The Dole Fruit company controlled pineapple trade in Hawaii
Boer
1. Dutch farmers who settled in Africa taking their land and establishing large farms.
2. Boers were the first Europeans to settle in South Africa so they could establish a way station for their ships sailing between the Dutch East Indies and the Netherla
Sepoy
1. Indian soldiers
2. After being forced to bite off the cow fat cartridges in their rifles, the Sepoys rebelled against the British.
Raj
1. The British rule after India cameunder the British crown.
2. Occurred in result of the sepoy mutiny and the British took a direct command of India.
Berlin Conference
1. When 14 European nations met to lay down rules for the division of Africa.
2. In result, any European nation could claim land in Africa by notifying other nations of its claims and showing it could control the area.
3. Divided the continent of Africa,
Boer War
1. A war between British and the Boers over who could gain control over South Africa.
2. Britain won the war, and ended up controlling South Africa.
Sepoy Mutiny
1. When the sepoys rebelled against the British when they were forced to bite of the cow cartridges in their rifles.
2. British government sent troops to help the East India Company regain control of the sepoy.
3. The Indians couldn't unite do to weak lea
Shaka
1. A Zulu chief in southern Africa who had many highly disciplined warriors and good military organization.
2. Fought the British armies from invading his land.
Henry Stanley
1. An American newspaper reporter who was sent out to find the lost missionary, David Livingstone.
2. Helped King Leopold II of Belgium control lands of the Congo River valley by signing treaties with local chiefs.
King Leopold II
1. King of Belgium who colonized in Congo primarily to abolish the slave trade and promote Christianity.
2. Ended up brutally exploiting Africans and at least 10 million Congolese died due to the abuses inflicted during Leopold's rule.
Indian National Congress
1. Called for self-government in result to the partition of Bengal.
2. Arouse in result to growing nationalism in India.
What are the five motives behind imperialism and give an example for each.
1. Economic- Britain imperialized India for their raw material
2. Political
3. Idealogical
4. Exploratory
5. Relgion
What advancements in European society made colonization possible? How?
New inventions such as the machine gun made it possible to take control over African countries
What factors within Africa made it vulnerable to European conquest?
Africa was extremely disorganized and un-unified. With little unification, the stronger and more powerful European nations could take over Africa little by little. In addition, the technologies in Africa were much less developed than those coming from the
Why did the Boers and the British fight over southern Africa and what was the result of the Boer War?
diamonds and gold were found in southern Africa so all parts of the world rushed in. The Boers tried to keep them all from gaining political rights.Then an attempt to start a rebellion against the Boers failed. They blamed the British and took up arms aga
What were the two methods of colonial management employed by the Europeans? Please explain the methods and which countries used which.
1. indirect Control-
- Local governments rule
- limited self rule
- goal was to develop future leaders
- favored by US and Britain
- Cheaper, more control/rights
2. Direct Control-
- foreign officials brought into rule
- no self-rule
- goal was assimilati
Which of Nigeria's three major ethnic groups would be most likely to unite against the British and why?
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Why were African resistance movements usually unsuccessful and give an example of one such movement.
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What countries in Africa were not ruled by a colonial power in 1913 and why?
Liberia and Ethiopia. Ethiopia outsmarted the European nations and led them to fight each other greatly weakening them and allowing Ethiopians to remain in power of there territory.
What were negative and positive efforts of colonial rule?
Countries received little to no profit or economic gain and treatment of people was unfair and cruel. They often times had very little freedom and were forced into assimilation. On a positive note, countries that were colonized often became unprbanized by
Why did Britain consider India its "Jewel in the crown?" Note: There are two major reasons for this.
Because of the huge population of India (300 million), opened up a huge market for Britain to trade and import cotton, coffee, and the most popular opium
What caused the Sepoy Mutiny?
The Sepoy Mutiny resulted when indian soldiers, sepoys, refused to bite off or use the rifles cartridges because they were greased with beef, and cows were viewed as a sacred animal in the Hindu religion.
Why didn't Indians unite against the British in the Sepoy Mutiny?
The Indians could not unite against the British due to weak leadership and serious splits between Hindus and Muslims.
How did economic imperialism lead to India's becoming a British colony?
Britain wished to increase its economic and personal gain and due to India controlling many natural resources and raw materials, Britain had the desire to conquer India. It's territory and natural resources could then be used to better the economic status
How did imperialism contribute to unity and to the growth of nationalism in India?
Enraged by the thought of being controlled by an outside superior nation, nationalist feelings started to surface in India. People wanted to modernize India so they weren't viewed as second-class citizens.