opium
..a reddish-brown heavy-scented addictive drug prepared from the juice of the opium poppy, used as a narcotic and in medicine as an analgesic.
opium war
The Opium Wars, also known as the Anglo-Chinese Wars, divided into the First Opium War from 1839 to 1842 and the Second Opium War from 1856 to 1860.
extraterritorial rights
Extraterritorial jurisdiction is the legal ability of a government to exercise authority beyond its normal boundaries.
Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping Rebellion was a massive civil war in southern China from 1850 to 1864, against the ruling Manchu-led Qing Dynasty.
sphere of influence
a country or area in which another country has power to affect developments although it has no formal authority.
Open Door Policy
the policy of granting equal trade opportunities to all countries
Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion, Boxer Uprising or Yihetuan Movement was a violent movement by the Righteous Harmony Society in China between 1899 and 1901.
Qing Dynasty
Qing: the last imperial dynasty of China