League of Nations
An organization of nations formed after World War I to promote cooperation and peace.
Weimar Republic
German republic founded after the WWI and the downfall of the German Empire's monarchy.
Dawes Plan
A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S. This circular flow of money was a success.
Kellogg-Briand Pact
an agreement between 15 nations outlawing war; eventually 48 other nations joined the pact; had no way of enforcing peace
Great Depression
the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s
Franklin Roosevelt
32nd President of the United States, President of the US during Great Depression and World War II
New Deal
Franklin Roosevelt's economic reform program designed to solve the problems of the Great Depression
Totalitarian State
country where a single party controls the government and every aspect of the lives of the people
Benito Mussolini
head of the Italian Fascist party, known as El Duce and was leader of Italy during World War II.
Fascism
a political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition
Il Duce
the Leader; Benito Mussolini's nickname
Lenin
Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR
New Economic Policy
Lenin's economy reform that re-established economic freedom in an attempt to build agriculture and industry
Soviet Union
A Communist nation, consisting of Russia and 14 other states, that existed from 1922 to 1991.
Leon Trotsky
Russian revolutionary and Communist theorist who helped Lenin and built up the army
Joseph Stalin
Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition
Politburo
a seven-member committee that became the leading policy-making body of the Communist Party in Russia
Five Year plans
these were economic goals set for increased industrial production in the Soviet union under Joseph Stalin
Collectivization
system in which private farms were eliminated, instead, the government owned all the land while the peasants worked on it.
Francisco Franco
Spanish General; organized the revolt in Morocco, which led to the Spanish Civil War. Leader of the Nationalists - right wing, supported by Hitler and Mussolini, won the Civil War after three years of fighting.
Adolf Hitler
This dictator was the leader of the Nazi Party. He believed that strong leadership was required to save Germanic society, which was at risk due to Jewish, socialist, democratic, and liberal forces.
Austria
a mountainous republic in central Europe, Hitler invaded and annexed this country, violating the Treaty of Versailles
Nazi Party
German political party joined by Adolf Hitler, emphasizing nationalism, racism, and war. When Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933, the Party became the only legal party and an instrument of Hitler's absolute rule.
Beer Hall Putsch
An armed uprising in Munich of maybe 50 people at most, crushed, Hitler's idea; a failed revolt by hitler that resulted in his imprisonment- creation of mein kampf
Mein Kampf
'My Struggle' by hitler, later became the basic book of nazi goals and ideology, reflected obsession
Lebensraum
Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people
Reichstag
Seated Germany's lower house of Parlimrent, it burned and Hitler blamed it on the communist, this event led to Hitler becoming the absolute dictator in Germany.
Paul von Hindenburg
German field marshal and statesman, President of the Weimar Republic of Germany who appointed Hitler Chancellor
Aryan race
the pure Germanic race, used by the Nazis to suggest a superior non-Jewish Caucasian typified by height, blonde hair, blue eyes
Third Reich
The Third German Empire, established by Adolf Hitler, The Third Republic of Germany which began Hitler's rule and ended with his defeat
Heinrich Himmler
German Nazi who was chief of the SS and the Gestapo and who oversaw the genocide of six million Jews
SS
special police force in Nazi Germany founded as a personal bodyguard for Adolf Hitler
Nuremberg laws
Placed severe restrictions of Jews, prohibited from marrying non- Jews, attending schools or universities, holding government jobs, practicing law or medicine or publishing books.
Anti-semitism
prejudice against Jews
Triumph of the Will
This Nazi propaganda film was created in 1936 by Leni Riefenstahl to show the might of the Nazi party at a rally in Nuremberg.
Joseph Goebbels
German propaganda minister in Nazi Germany who persecuted the Jews