Ch. 24 Pre-ap World History Vocab

League of Nations

An organization of nations formed after World War I to promote cooperation and peace.

Weimar Republic

German republic founded after the WWI and the downfall of the German Empire's monarchy.

Dawes Plan

A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S. This circular flow of money was a success.

Kellogg-Briand Pact

an agreement between 15 nations outlawing war; eventually 48 other nations joined the pact; had no way of enforcing peace

Great Depression

the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s

Franklin Roosevelt

32nd President of the United States, President of the US during Great Depression and World War II

New Deal

Franklin Roosevelt's economic reform program designed to solve the problems of the Great Depression

Totalitarian State

country where a single party controls the government and every aspect of the lives of the people

Benito Mussolini

head of the Italian Fascist party, known as El Duce and was leader of Italy during World War II.

Fascism

a political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition

Il Duce

the Leader; Benito Mussolini's nickname

Lenin

Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR

New Economic Policy

Lenin's economy reform that re-established economic freedom in an attempt to build agriculture and industry

Soviet Union

A Communist nation, consisting of Russia and 14 other states, that existed from 1922 to 1991.

Leon Trotsky

Russian revolutionary and Communist theorist who helped Lenin and built up the army

Joseph Stalin

Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition

Politburo

a seven-member committee that became the leading policy-making body of the Communist Party in Russia

Five Year plans

these were economic goals set for increased industrial production in the Soviet union under Joseph Stalin

Collectivization

system in which private farms were eliminated, instead, the government owned all the land while the peasants worked on it.

Francisco Franco

Spanish General; organized the revolt in Morocco, which led to the Spanish Civil War. Leader of the Nationalists - right wing, supported by Hitler and Mussolini, won the Civil War after three years of fighting.

Adolf Hitler

This dictator was the leader of the Nazi Party. He believed that strong leadership was required to save Germanic society, which was at risk due to Jewish, socialist, democratic, and liberal forces.

Austria

a mountainous republic in central Europe, Hitler invaded and annexed this country, violating the Treaty of Versailles

Nazi Party

German political party joined by Adolf Hitler, emphasizing nationalism, racism, and war. When Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933, the Party became the only legal party and an instrument of Hitler's absolute rule.

Beer Hall Putsch

An armed uprising in Munich of maybe 50 people at most, crushed, Hitler's idea; a failed revolt by hitler that resulted in his imprisonment- creation of mein kampf

Mein Kampf

'My Struggle' by hitler, later became the basic book of nazi goals and ideology, reflected obsession

Lebensraum

Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people

Reichstag

Seated Germany's lower house of Parlimrent, it burned and Hitler blamed it on the communist, this event led to Hitler becoming the absolute dictator in Germany.

Paul von Hindenburg

German field marshal and statesman, President of the Weimar Republic of Germany who appointed Hitler Chancellor

Aryan race

the pure Germanic race, used by the Nazis to suggest a superior non-Jewish Caucasian typified by height, blonde hair, blue eyes

Third Reich

The Third German Empire, established by Adolf Hitler, The Third Republic of Germany which began Hitler's rule and ended with his defeat

Heinrich Himmler

German Nazi who was chief of the SS and the Gestapo and who oversaw the genocide of six million Jews

SS

special police force in Nazi Germany founded as a personal bodyguard for Adolf Hitler

Nuremberg laws

Placed severe restrictions of Jews, prohibited from marrying non- Jews, attending schools or universities, holding government jobs, practicing law or medicine or publishing books.

Anti-semitism

prejudice against Jews

Triumph of the Will

This Nazi propaganda film was created in 1936 by Leni Riefenstahl to show the might of the Nazi party at a rally in Nuremberg.

Joseph Goebbels

German propaganda minister in Nazi Germany who persecuted the Jews