The Czars, Lenin, Stalin.. How are they alike and how are they different?
Czars: No constitution, no political party system to check the Czars power, secret police, pogroms
Lenin: Economic reforms, New Economic Plan (NEP); moderate mix of socialism and capitalism, political reforms, Bolsheviks became communists, Russia becomes
Describe the rule of Czar Alexander III and Nicholas II and how they dealt with calls for reform by the Russian people.
Czar Alexander III - Harsh, against revolutionaries and other liberal movements, pogroms
Czar Nicholas II - Harsh and weak, Russian economy went bankrupt because Russo-Japanese war, Russia's entry into WW1 became unpopular
Both; strict on anyone who seeme
Know the impact of WW1 on the Russian government.
More in debt, war becomes unpopular, defeated by Germany many times, rationing led to starvation, WW1 revealed the weaknesses of Czarist rule and military leadership
What major events led the Russia people to lose faith in the Czarist government and revolt?
Russo-Japanese war, Bloody Sunday, WW1
Describe the circumstances leading up to Lenin's takeover of Russia.
Provisional government takes place, Alexander Kerensky wanted to keep Russia in the war and ended up losing support of soldiers who didn't want to fight anymore and lost support of peasants and workers who wanted an end to food shortages, these forces for
How did the political and economic structure of Russia change after the Russian revolution?
Lenin takes control, (NEP) takes place, Bolsheviks become communists, Russia becomes the United Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR)
Describe Lenin's actions immediately after the Bolshevik revolution.
Snuck back into Russia after fleeing to western Europe, ordered that all farmland be distributed among the peasants and workers take over factories, accepted treaty of Brest-Litovsk ending WW1 with Germany
Describe Lenin's New Economic Policy and its purpose.
New Economic Plan (NEP), allowed some private ownership of property, mix of capitalism and socialism, central planning of the economy by the state, communist party makes decisions on individual jobs
Describe Stalin's 5-year plans and their purpose.
Command economy with collective farms, government makes all economic decisions, industrial revolution, goals were set for the growth of steel, coal, oil, and electricity, consumer industry goods slowed down, government controlled every aspect of a workers
Who fought for control of the USSR following the death of Lenin.
Stalin
What are the weapons totalitarian governments use?
Police terror, indoctrination (government slants education), propaganda, censorship, religious or ethnic persecution
The Bolsheviks and Mensheviks believed in the teachings of what philosopher?
Karl Marx
As part of the Five Year Plan, Stalin started which two Revolutions?
Industrial revolution and Agricultural revolution
Describe life under Stalin.
Education controlled by government (indoctrination), State control of the economy (command economy), Police Terror, religious persecution, propaganda.
Pogroms
Organized violence against Jews.
Soviets
One of the local representative councils formed in Russia after the downfall of Czar Nicholas II.
Bolsheviks
Group of revolutionary Russian Marxists who took control of Russia's government in November 1917.
Totalitarianism
Government control over every aspect of public and private life.
Autocracy
Type of government in which all power lies with one individual.
Command Economy
An economic system in which the government makes all economic decisions.
The Great Purge
A campaign of terror in the soviet union during the 1930's, in which Joseph Stalin sought to eliminate all communist party members and other citizens who threatened his power.
Duma
Provisional Government.
Provisional Government
A temporary government.
Kulaks
A class of wealthy peasants.
Collective Farms
Large government controlled farms formed by combining many small farms.