Weimar Republic
1919- 1933
The new German republic the in 1921 owed 33 billion annually to the allied reparations commission. In order to recover from its severe economic issues the annual fees were reduced each year depending on the level of German economic prosperity and Germany received large loans each year from the United States.
der fuhrer
Hitler: "der fuhrer" named the leader 1-30-33
ENABLING ACT
March 23, 1933: ENABLING ACT: outlaws the constitution giving the Nazis unlimited power &
transferred legislative power to Hitler and his cabinet and allowed him to suspend parts of the Weimar constitution; enabled Hitler to get rid of the Reichstag parliament and pass laws without reference to parliament
takeover of media, ideology blended with terror, takes out the opposition, limits jews power in society
domestic
no war reparation payments, general anti- Semitism, other countries weren't willing to go to war, and the US and GB thought the treaty of Versailles was too rough.
INTERNATIONAL
LEBENTRAUN
LEBENTRAUN: hitler's foreign policy on needing "living room
Why was Hitler and the NAZI party successful?
WHY SUCCESSFUL:
Fear, involvement of youth, pro- Nazi videos, religious ties, nationalistic, "we are your last defense against communism
MUNICH PACT
An agreement in 1938 that attempted to prevent large-scale war by granting German chancellor Adolf Hitler his demand for control over the Sudetenland, a German-populated region bordering Czechoslovakia. Instead it verified Hitler's theory that the West would not interfere in eastern Europe, gave him time to rebuild an army, an emboldened him to continue the invasions - beginning with Czechoslovakia just months later - that led to WWII.
Nazi- soviet act of non-aggression
1939: Nazi- soviet act of non-aggression- stalin and hitler meet and agree not to fight and that they will spilt Poland
September 1, 1939
Poland is invaded; blitzkrieg fighting forces England to declare war
BATTLE OF BRITAIN
AUGUST 1940: BATTLE OF BRITAIN, last stronghold against hitler
(FDR) 1940, German air forces invaded Britain but the British Royal Air Force drove them out with the help of the new invention radar that let them know where the German planes were
1942
Germany is Over Europe
June 6, 1944
D-Day; Normandy. a collection of forces, D-Day, (D-Day) It is the turning point in war in Europe. It is very costly but successful. 5 beaches of Normandy coastline are hit. Gen. Eisenhower is in complete charge but he is in London. Field Marshal Montgomery is given temporary control of ground troops. Gen. Bradley for American troops and Montgomery for British troops. Successful invasion becomes beginning of the end of Axis powers. Hitler commands the German commander in Paris to destroy the city, but he refuses to do so.
April 30, 1945
hitlers suicide
May 7, 1945
Germany commits suicide, Unconditional surrender of all German forces to Allies
CONFERENCE OF YALTA
forms the league of nations
The soviets get east Germany, Bulgaria and Romania
US/ France/ Britain get west Germany,
Land re-distrubition
Divide of Germany causes the cold war
1947
TRUMAN DOCTERINE
States that it is the US responsibility to aid in any situation where poeple are starving, having their freedom taken from them.
The MARSHAL PLAN
European recovery program, U.S. invests 13 billion dollars into the re-building West Germany
Eastern Bloc
Yugoslovia, Soviet ruled their lands
NATO 1949
NATO 1949 was the Atlantic Treaty Organization.
If one NATO nation is attacked, the other countries will attack as well.
STALIN'S response
warsaw pact
WARSAW PACT
millitart treaty between Albania, Bulgaria, Chechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union.
Stalin abuses the other countries' millitaries and the pact is dissolved years later.
1951 European Coal and Steel Community
6 countries, free trade to re-build Europe, turns into THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY; more countries included, more political markets, more power turns it into European Union.
o First step in Euro integration
� GOALS
rebuild European economies after WWII
Foster political cooperation through economic integration
BERLIN WALL
1961: BERLIN WALL: built by stalin to prevent people from leaving east Germany to the free economic more prosperous west Germany. Destroyed in 1989- 1990