Panopticon
proposed by Jeremy Bentham in 1791
system of how prisons were built to make the prisoners always below the guards or inferior
M.Foucault
wrote a book called discipline and punish and influenced the birth of the prison
where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
HAPPENED IN ENGLAND AND NETHERLANDS FIRST
WHY DID THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION HAPPEN?
Resources
Agricultural
Culture
WHY DID THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION HAPPEN?
(Resources)
natural, coal, cotton, labor, waterways, capital investment from overseas trade
WHY DID THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION HAPPEN?
(Agricultrue)
innovation: lessened the farm labor needed
JETHRO TULL
Scottish mechanical planter, English inventor advocated the use of horses instead of oxen. Developed the seed drill and selective breeding.
ROBERT BAKEWELL and THOMAS COKE
how to breed cattle meatier,
Invented Selective Breeding
TURNIP TOWNSEND
changed from a 3 field system to a 4 field system, Made turnip population popular. Developed four-crop rotation, in which wheat, turnips, barley, and clover succeeded one another. Turnips and clovers feed the animal. Farmers can feed their livestock better.
WHY DID THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION HAPPEN?
(cultural)
Politics
Pragmatism
Protestant Work Ethic
what was causing comfort among the classes during the industrial revolution?
Politics: magna carta causing comfort in social classes
Pragmatism
saying theory is fine but it has to work
Protestant Work Ethic
no personal spending leads to capital investment
PHASE ONE of industrial revolution
PHASE ONE: 1760-1780
TEXTILES: Putting out system/ cottage industry changed
1733: John Kay
flying shuttle and a faster way to weave
1764: James Hargreaves
Spring Jenny: mechanical spinning wheel for thread
1776: James Watt:
steam engine
1780s: Edmund Cartwright
mechanical loom, allowing for lower skilled employees
Nothing happened from 1780's to 1815... why?
Nothing happened from 1780's to 1815 bc of Napoleonic wars
1803-1815: Wars of expansion
to protect the state. Peace brought about by the congress of Vienna
Results of the wars of expansion
#NAME?
PHASE TWO: 1815- 1850
#NAME?
In 1830- Belgium establishes independence under ??
Leopold
IRON, COAL, AND RAILROADS- to move products
GEORGE STEPHENSON is who?
THE ROCKET" 1st locomotive
CONSEQUENCES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION:
1. Growth of Urbanization:
- Tight Housing in Cities causes health issues and poor living conditions
- Cholera outbreak due to unsanitary water and in 1830 18,000 people die
- 1847 Miasma Theory: thought it was bad vapors, 20,000 people die
- 1848: public health act is formed to stop spread of disease, and sewers and public water are made available
CONSEQUENCES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION:
2. Formation of class identity:
A. WORKING CLASS
- LUDDITES: 1811/1812- broke machinery saying it was their right to produce the goods
- 1833- FACTORY ACT: says that children under 9 can't work and kids from 9-13 can only work 9 hours and 13-18 can only work 12 hours
- 1842 MINES ACT: no women or girls can work in mines
B. MIDDLE CLASS RESPONSE:
- 1834: POOR LAWS: charity only given via workhouse, encouraged work ethic and made entire families have to work
- PROHIBITION: and Gin lane
- REFORM: upper class said middle class needed reform due to a rise in kids born to un-wed parents.
LUDDITES: 1811/1812
#NAME?
- 1833- FACTORY ACT:
says that children under 9 can't work and kids from 9-13 can only work 9 hours and 13-18 can only work 12 hours
- 1842 MINES ACT:
no women or girls can work in mines
B. MIDDLE CLASS RESPONSE:
- 1834: POOR LAWS: charity only given via workhouse, encouraged work ethic and made entire families have to work
- PROHIBITION: and Gin lane
- REFORM: upper class said middle class needed reform due to a rise in kids born to un-w
- 1834: POOR LAWS: charity only given via workhouse, encouraged work ethic and made entire families have to work
- PROHIBITION: and Gin lane
- REFORM: upper class said middle class needed reform due to a rise in kids born to un-wed parents.
- 1834: POOR LAWS:
charity only given via workhouse, encouraged work ethic and made entire families have to work
- PROHIBITION: and Gin lane
- REFORM:
upper class said middle class needed reform due to a rise in kids born to un-wed parents.
CONSEQUENCES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION:
3. Political Ideology:
A. CONSERVATISM: revolution should be evolution, against French revolution, pro napoleon
B. LIBERALISM: Pro- revolution, Pro age of reason and constution. Free trade should be used to get rid of the oppressive rules of the state
CONSERVATISM:
revolution should be evolution, against French revolution, pro napoleon
LIBERALISM:
Pro- revolution, Pro age of reason and constution.
Free trade should be used to get rid of the oppressive rules of the state
#NAME?
conservatism:
says community rights should = individual rights
- JEREMY BENTHAM:
liberalist
- UTILITARIANISM:
The greatest good for the greatest number
-
Liberalists tended to be factory merchants/ owners nd called for abolition of what?
- The liberalists called for the abolition of slavery in 1830, and was abolished 1860 in England
C. SOCIALISM
said liberalism only benefited the merchants etc... called for a balance in society via allocation of goods
ROBERT OWEN
Gave his factory to his workers and tried to form a perfect society, based on utopia.
1853-1856- THE CRIMEAN WAR:
#NAME?
Risorgimento
1860-61- ITALIAN UNIFICATION
1866-67- Austria- Prussian war
established the dual monarchy and formed the AUSTRIA-HUNGARY EMPIRE
1871- GERMAN UNIFICATION
otto von Bismarck of Prussia sought a balance of power through Europe
treaty of Frankfurt
This treaty ended the Franco-Prussian War. By this treaty, France (the loser): a) ceded to Germany the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine (rich in coal and iron and inhabited by many French people); b) agreed to pay Germany a huge war indemnity; c) consented to military occupation until the indemnity was paid. By treating the French this harshly, Bismarck planted the seeds of World War I.
Magna Carta
This document, signed by King John of Endland in 1215, is the cornerstone of English justice and law. It declared that the king and government were bound by the same laws as other citizens of England. It contained the antecedents of the ideas of due process and the right to a fair and speedy trial that are included in the protection offered by the U.S. Bill of Rights