Ancient regime
An old order
The four stages
Moderate phase; radical phase; the directory; age of Napolean
Estates
The social classes of France
Bourgeoisie
The wealthier, middle-working class
Deficit spending
When a government spends more money than it takes in
Louis XVI
A weak ruler who put France in major debt, hunger, and wars
Marie Antoinette
Louis XVI's Austrian wife; "let them eat cake"; spent too much money on clothing and hair; was hated by the people
Jacques Necker
Louis XVI's financial expert and advisor; demanded to tax first and second estate; was dismissed/ fired
Estates-general
The legislative body consisting of representatives of the three estates
Caheir
Notebooks that the three estates listed their grievances in
Grievances
A complaint about something
Tennis Court Oath
An oath that the National Assembly took that said that they would not leave this tennis court u till a fair constitution was established
Bastille
A grim medieval fortress used as a prison; was stormed by the people and later torn down
Faction
Dissenting (beliefs) groups of people
Marquez de Lafayette
An aristocratic "hero of two worlds"; fought alongside George Washington in American Revolution; was in charge of the National Guard
Olympe de Gouges
A journalist who demanded equal rights for men and woman; was imprisoned and executed
Sans-culottes
Working-class men and women; means "without breeches", wore trousers
Republic
A government ruled by elected representatives instead of a monarch
Jacobins
A revolutionary political club; mostly middle-class lawyers of intellectuals
Suffrage
The right to vote
Maximilien Robespierre
The incorruptible"; speaker; popular among people; eventually became leader of estates-general; failed suicide attempt; killed by guillotine
Reign of Terror
September 1793 to July 1794; fear controlled people
Guillotine
A falling blade that sliced victims head off
Napoleon Bonaparte
Popular military hero who won a series of brilliant victories against Austrians in Italy
Nationalism
A strong feeling of pride and devotion to ones country
Marseilles
A port city where troops marched to a song; urged others to go against tyranny; song "La Marseillaise" was later France's national anthem
What caused discontent in the old French regime?
The classes were not even, did not have fair say based on percentage of population
When the estates-general convened in May 1789, what actions did the members of the third estate take and why?
The third estate (along with some members of the first and second estate) went to a tennis court and made a new constitution, became national assembly
Describe the reforms that the National Assembly enacted in the Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen
All male citizens were free and equal before the law
Describe the reforms that the National Assembly enacted in the Civil Constitution of the Clergy
The church was put under state control; clergy not needed
Describe the reforms that the National Assembly enacted in the Constitution of 1791
A limited monarchy; reformed laws; ensured equality among all male citizens
What was the Reign of Terror?
Where fear controlled people; blood was shed
What were the causes of the French Revolution?
Hunger; debt; foreign aid; Texas/tariffs/tithe; monarchy abuses power; corrupt social order; grievance issues
What were the effects of the French Revolution?
Monarchy is abolished; nationalism spreads; no social classes, everyone called "citizen"; liberty and equality of male citizens
What impact did Enlightenment ideas have on the French Revolution?
They made people think about their rights and freedoms