Alkene
double bonded carbons
Alkyne
triple bonded carbons
Arene (aromatic ring)
a ring of 6 carbons with alternating double bonds
Halide
A halide at the end of a chain
Alcohol
An OH group at the end of a chain
Ether
One oxygen in a chain
Amine
A nitrogen in line
Nitrile
Nitrogen with a triple bond to carbon
Aldehyde
One double bonded O with a hydrogen off the carbon it's attached to
Ketone
One double bonded oxygen off a chain
Carboxylic Acid
One double bonded oxygen with an OH group adjacent
Ester
One double bonded oxygen and an oxygen in line
Amide
One double bonded oxygen and a nitrogen in line
Acid Chloride
A carbonyl group (carbon attached to a and oxygen with a double bond) and a chlorine atom attached to the carbon atom.