Chemistry
Sscience that deals with the composition structures and properties of matter
Organic chemistry
Contains carbon (poison ivy)
Inoragnic
No carbon, never had carbon (minerals)
Matter
Any substance that occupies space, has mass or weight
Element
Simplest form of chemical matter
Atoms
Smallest chemical components of an element
Molecule
Chemical compound of 2 or more atoms in definite proportions.
Elemental molecule
2 or more atoms of the same element in definite proportions
Compound molecules
Combination of 2 or mores toms of different elements in definite proportions
States of matter
Solid, liquid, gas
Physical properties
Characteristics determined without a reaction that do no chemical change in a substance.
Chemical properties
Characteristics that's can only be determined by a chemical change in the substance
Physical change
Can change the form or physical properties of a substance without a chemical reaction or creation of a new substance
Chemical change
Change in the chemical composition or make-up of a substance (permanently)
Oxidation
The processes of oxidizing (combined chemically with oxygen)
Oxidation reduction
looses oxygen
Oxidizing agent
Substance that releases oxygen
Reducing agent
Adds hydrogen or subtracts oxygen
Reduction
Taking away
Reduction reaction
The change during the removal process
Exothermic reactions
Releases amounts of heat
Combustion
Rapid oxidation, accompanied by heat and light
Pure substance
Chemical combination of matter in definite proportions
Physical mixture
Physical combination of matter in any proportion
Solution
Stable mixture of 2 or more substances
Solute
Substance that dissolves in a soultion
Solvent
The substance that dissolves the solute in a soultion
Miscible
can be mixed to make stable soultions (Water and alcohol)
Immiscible
Not cab able of being mixed to form a stable soultions (water and oil)
Suspension
Unstable physical mixture of undissolved particles in a liquid
Emulsion
Unstable physical mixture of two or more Immiscible substances
Emulsifier
Brings 2 incompatible materials together into a fairly stable blend
Surfactants
Allow water and oil to mix
Lipophilic
Having an affinity of or an attraction to fat and ouls
Oil in water emulsion
Oil droplets mixed into water
Water in oil emulsion
Water droplets are emulsified in oil
Volatile alcohols
Alcohol that evaporates easily
Alkanolamines
Neutralizing acid or raise the ph
Ammonia
Colorless gas with s strong odor
Glycerin
Sweet colorless oily substances used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body cream
Silicones
Special types of oil used in hair conditioners water resistant lubricants for the skin and nail polish dryers
Violate organic compounds
Compounds that contain carbon and evaporate very easily
Ph
Potential hydrogen number of hydrogen ions
Ion
An atom or molecule that carries and electrical charge
Ionization
Separation of an atom of molecule into positive and negative ions
Anion
Ion with a negative electrical charge
Cation
And ion with a positive electrical charge
Ph scale
Measure of acidity or alkalinity 0-14 >7 alkaline
<7 acidic
Alkaline soultion
Ph above 7
Acidic soultion
Ph below 7
AHA's
Acid derived from plants that are often used to exfoliate skin
Thioglycolic acid
Colorless liquid or white crystal with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in perms
Alkalis
Base. Compounds that react with acids to form salts