Hydroxyl (alcohol)
single bonded OH
Alkane
only C and H
Amine
nitrogen
Carboxylic Acid
one double bonded oxygen and one single bonded OH to the same C
Ester
O between two C with a double bonded O to one C
Ketone
one double bonded oxygen
Amide
one double bonded oxygen and single bonded nitrogen to the same C
Aldehyde
one double bonded O at the end of the chain (H bonded to same C)
Ether
O between two C
Amino acid
NH2-C^RH-C=O-OH