Histogram
A graph of vertical bars in intervals representing the frequency distribution of a set of data.
Statistics
The scientific discipline that provides methods to help us make sense of data.
Variability
In a set of numbers, how widely dispersed the values are from each other and from the mean
Descriptive Statistics
The methods of properly organizing and summarizing data that make up a branch of statistics. Usually aided by tables, graph and various other numerical summaries.
Population
The entire collection of individuals or objects about which information is desired.
Sample
A subset of the population that is selected for a study in some manner.
Inferential Statistics
The branch of statistics that involves generalizing from a sample to the population from which it was selected and assessing the reliability of such generalizations.
Data
The aspect of statistics that result from making observations either on a single variable or simultaneously on two or more variables.
Variable
Any characteristic whose value may change from one individual or object to another. (Can be anything like Insect Tail Length)
univariate data set
A data set consisting of observations on a single variable.
Categorical data set
A data set that has categorical responses also known as a qualitative data set.
Numerical data set
A data set with numerical responses and is also known as a quantative data set.
Bivariate data set
A data set consisting of observations from two different variables simultaneously.
Multivariate data
More than two variables are measured on a single experimental unit.
Discrete Data
When the number of possible values is either a finite number or a "countable" number. (That is, the number of possible values is 0 or 1 or 2 and so on.)
Continuous Data
Numerical data values that , result from infinitely many possible values that correspond to some continuous scale that covers a range of values without gaps, interruptions or jumps. For example an average of 3, 4, and 5.
Frequency
The number of observations in a given statistical category.
Relative Frequency Distribution
A frequency that is present for categorical data(qualitative) and is the proportion or fraction of the observations resulting in the category. Calculated by taking frequency divided by the number of observations in the data set.
Bar Chart
A graph of frequency distribution of categorical data. Each of the categories in the graph is represented by a bar or rectangle and is constructed in such a way that makes it proportional to the corresponding frequency or relative frequency.
Dot Plot
A picture of numerical data in which observation is represented by a dot on or above a horizontal measurement scale.
Outliers
Extreme high or low scores in a distribution