X
the "independent" or "predictor" variable
Y
the "response" or "dependent" variable
indicator variable
takes the value 0 or 1 to indicate the absence or presence of some categorical effect that may be expected to shift the outcome
Explained variance/Unexplained variance
how to find the f-statistic
correlation coefficient
A measure of the strength of the linear relationship between two variables
p-value
the probability of computing a value of the test statistic at least as extreme as the one found in the sample data when the null hypothesis is true
alternate hypothesis
is the conclusion we accept when we demonstrate that the null hypothesis is false (aka the research hypothesis)
null hypothesis
a statement about the value of a population parameter that is developed for testing in the face of numerical evidence
hypothesis testing
a statistical procedure, based on sample evidence and probability theory, used to determine whether the statement about the population parameter is reasonable.
significance level
the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true
regression analysis
Developing an equation that estimates the value of a dependent variable based on the value of an independent variable
least squares principle
A mathematical procedure that uses the data to position a line with the objective of minimizing the sum of the squares of the vertical distances between the actual Y values and the predicted values of Y
standard error of the estimate
A measure of the dispersion, or scatter, of the observed values around the line of regression for given values of ??1, ??2, ?, ????
coefficient of determination
The proportion of the total variation in the dependent variable ?? that is explained, or accounted for, by the regression
confidence interval
an interval estimate for the mean value of Y for given values of the independent variables
prediction interval
an interval estimate for an individual value of Y for given values of the independent variables
interpolation
the use of a formula to estimate an intermediate data value
extrapolation
the use of a formula, deduced from an initial set of data, for data values outside the range of the initial data set