Parameter
a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a population.
Statistic
A numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a sample.
Quantitative
______________ (or numerical data) data consist of numbers representing counts or measurements.
Categorical
___________ (or qualitative or attribute) data consist of names or labels that are not numbers representing counts or measurements.
discrete, continuous
Quantitative data can be further described between _________ and _________ types.
Discrete data
This type of quantitative data results when the number of possible values is either a finite number or a "countable" number. (That is, the number of possible values is 0 or 1 or 2, and so on.)
Continuous (numerical) data
This type of quantitative data results from infinitely many possible values that correspond to some continuous scale that covers a range of values without gaps, interruptions, or jumps.
Discrete data
Would the numbers of eggs that hens lay be considered discrete data or continuous data?
Continuous data (because they are measurements that can assume any value over a continuous span.)
Would the amount of milk a cow yields over the course of a year be considered discrete data or continuous data?
Nominal level of measurement
The _______ ______ __ ____________ is characterized by data that consist of names, labels, or categories only. The data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme (such as low to high.)
nominal
These are examples of sample data at the ______ level of measurement: (1) Survey responses of yes, no, and undecided; (2) political party affiliations of survey respondents (Democrat, republican, Independent, other)
ordinal level of measurement
Data are at the ______ ________ __ _____________ if they can arranged in some order, but differences (obtained by subtraction) between data values either cannot be determined or are meaningless. (e.g. course grades, ranks)
interval level of measurement
The _______ ________ __ _______________ is like the ordinal level, with the additional property that the difference between any two data values is meaningful. However, data at the this level do not have a natural zero starting point (where none of the qua
ratio level of measurement
The ____ _____ __ _________ is the interval level with the additional property that there is a natural zero starting point (where zero indicates that none of the quantity is present.) For values at this level, differences and ratios are both meaningful. (