theory
a set of interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions that presents a systematic view of events or situations by specifying relations among variables in order to explain and predict the events of the situation
concept
the primary elements, building blocks, or major components of theories
construct
a concept that has been developed, created, or adopted for use with a specific theory
variable
the operational (practical use) form of a construct
model
is a composite, a mixture of ideas or concepts taken from any number of theories and used together
Why is theory important to health education?
1. Indicates reasons why people are not behaving in health ways
2. Identifies information needed before developing an intervention
3. Provides a conceptual framework for selecting constructs to develop an intervention
4. Gives insights into how best to de
What are planning Models/theories used for
Program assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation
What is a behavior change model used for?
Explains the behavior change process
What are the 5 steps/phases of the generalized planning model?
1. Assessing Needs
2. Setting goals & objectives
3. Developing an intervention
4. Implementing the intervention
5. Evaluating the results
What is a stage theory?
Consists of an ordered set of categories into which people can be classified
What is a continuum theory?
Those behavior change theories that identify variables that influence actions and combine them into a single equation that predicts the likelihood of action
Four principle elements of a stage theory
1. Category system to define the stages
2. An ordering of stages
3. Barriers to change that are common to people I the same stage
4. Different barriers to change, facing people in different stages
5 Levels of Influence
1. Intrapersonal
2. Interpersonal
3. Institutional/organizational
4. Community
5. Policy/Governmental
Health Belief Model (HBM)
-developed in 1950's
-addresses the individual's perceptions of the treat posed by a health problem
Compliance (concept) -> Individual Behavior (constructs) : perceived susceptibility/severity -> Demographs -> benefits vs. barriers (is it worth it)
self-efficacy
Believing that you will be successful or confidence in one's own abiliy to perform a certain task/function
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)
-individuals intention to perform a given behavior is a function of their attitude toward performing the behavior
-predicts that people intend to give up if they 1. have a positive attitude towards quitting (behavior) 2. thinking that others whom they val
Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion (ELM)
-developed to help explain inconsistencies in research results from the study of attitudes.
-helps explain how persuasion messages aimed at changing attitudes are received/processed
TPB
Behavioral Beliefs (attitude towards behavior) <-> normative beliefs (subjective norm) <-> control beliefs (perceived control) -->> intention -> Behavior
ELM
1. Proposes that attitudes can be formed via 2 different routes: peripheral or center routes
2. The results of the 2 routes can be similar but usually very different w/ diff consequences
3. specifies how variables have an impact on persuasion
Elaboration
Is the amount of cognitive processing that a person puts into receiving messages.
Central Route
ELM, processing involves thoughtful consideration of issues-relevant information to one's own cognitive response
Peripheral Route
ELM, processing involves minimal thought and relies on superficial cues or mental shortcuts