psychoactive drug
A substance that causes changes in brain chemistry and alters consciousness
abstainer
They do not drink at all, or they do so less often than once a year
About how many adult Americans drink alcohol
About 65%
how many adult Americans consider themselves abstainers
About 35%
percentage of college students who drink alcohol
About 83%
amount of beer, wine, shot, and mixed drink that constitutes "one drink" as defined by the NIAAA
Beer: 12oz.
Wine: 5oz.
Shot: 1.5oz.
Mixed Drink: 1.5oz
extreme drinking
Alcohol consumption that goes well beyond binge drinking, to double or triple the amounts in the current definition. 10-15 drinks for men, 8-12 for women
number of deaths and injuries that occur each year to 18-24 year olds that involve high risk drinking
1,700 Deaths
599,000 Injuries
heavy episodic drinking for males / females
Males- 5 or more drinks within 2 hours for men
Females- 4 or more drinks within 2 hours
Among college students, 48% of all alcohol is consumed by what age group
Under the age of 21
11 negative consequences related to binge drinking in college
More likely to be injured
More likely to commit a crime or fall victim to violence
Get involved with the law
Get involved with homicides and serious assaults
Victims of date rape
Sexual battery
Unplanned sexual activity
Miss class
Turn in mediocre work
Fa
7 "secondhand" effects of binge drinking
Serious arguments
Physical assault
Damaged Property
Interrupted sleep & studying
Unwanted sexual advances
Sexual assault
Having to take care of a drunk student
BAC
Blood Alcohol Concentration. A measure of the amount of alcohol in grams in 100 milliliters of blood, expressed as a percentage
BAC for someone who could be charged with DUI in Ohio
0.08 & above
10 factors that affect alcohol absorption
Food
Gender
Age
Body fat
Drug interaction
Cigarette smoke
Mood and physical condition
Alcohol concentration
Carbonation
Tolerance
percentage of alcohol that is metabolized in the liver
90%
alcohol dehydrogenase
It's the enzyme converts alcohol in the liver to acetaldehyde
3 factors that make women more susceptible to the effects of alcohol than men
Absorb more alcohol
More vulnerable to health consequences
Liver disease
Heart disease
Brain damage
Risk for cirrhosis less than two drinks
Illness and die at higher rates than men
how long it takes the body to metabolize one drink
1 hour
6 body organs or systems that are damaged by long term alcohol abuse
Brain
Neurotransmitter function disrupted
Slower reaction time
Impaired coordination
Balance
Judgment
Thinking
Heart
Weakened heart muscles
Enlarged heart
Irregular heartbeat
Elevated BP
Increase risk of stroke
Liver
Fatty liver
Alcoholic hepatitis
Cirrho
recommended number of drinks for women / men for health benefits according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans
Women- 1 drink a day
Men- 2 drinks a day
what age groups benefit from the recommendations
Middle aged adults and older adults. The age group most susceptible to coronary heart disease
only known remedy for a hangover
Pain medication, Rest, & Time
7 measures for Alcohol poisoning first aid
Know and recognize the symptoms
Lack of response
Inability to wake up
Inability to stand up without help
Rapid or irregular pulse
Rapid or irregular breathing or difficult breathing
Cool, clammy, bluish skin
Bluish fingernails or lips
Call 911
Do not leav
4 social problems associated with alcohol use
Reduced social inhibitions
Violence
Risk of injury
Suicide
Alcohol Misuse
the consumption of alcohol to the point where it causes physical, social, and moral harm to the drinker
Alcohol Abuse
Pattern of alcohol use that leads to distress or impairment, increases the risk of health and/or social problems, and continues despite awareness of these affects
Problem Drinking
Pattern of alcohol use that impairs the drinker's life, causing difficulties for the drinker and for other
Alcohol Dependence
Disorder characterized by a strong craving for alcohol, the development of tolerance for alcohol, and symptoms of withdraw if alcohol consumption stops abruptly
Alcoholism
A primary chronic disease characterized by excessive, compulsive drinking
4 treatment options for alcohol related disorders
Brief Interventions
Inpatient and outpatient treatment
Self-help programs
Harm reduction: Approach, Policies, and Laws
leading preventable cause of death in the U.S
Cigarette smoking
percentage of adult Americans who smoke tobacco
19%
Has smoking increased or decreased since 1965
decreased
what is responsible for this decrease in smoking
Public Health campaigns on the hazards of smoking
do men or women in the U.S. smoke at higher rates
men
younger or older individuals in the U.S. smoke at higher rates
younger
prevalence of smoking in the college student population
College students are more likely than the general population to smoke. Although smoking has a negative correlation with educational attainment
tar
Thick, sticky residue formed when tobacco leaves burn, containing hundreds of chemical compounds and carcinogenic substances
2 most harmful substances in tobacco smoke
Carbon monoxide
Interferes with the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen. So the body's organs are deprived of oxygen
Tar
Coats lungs and creates an environment conductive to the growth of cancerous cells
nicotine
Primary addictive ingredient in tobacco; a poison and a psychoactive drug
4 main reasons people smoke
Nicotine addiction
Behavioral dependence
Weight Control
Tobacco Marketing and advertising
3 greatest health concerns associated with long term smoking
Cardiovascular Disease
Increased heart rate, tension, and constricted blood vessels caused by nicotine lead to hyperextension (high BP), which is a disease and a risk factor for other diseases
Cancer
Poisons in cigarettes weaken the immune system's tumor-
changes to men's reproductive health that smoke
Affects blood flow to the erectile tissue
Higher incidence of erectile dysfunction
Alters sperm shape
Reduces sperm mobility
Decreases overall number of viable sperm
special health risks for women associated with smoking
Fertility problems
Menstrual disorders
Early menopause
Problems in pregnancy
Miscarriages
Stillbirths
Pre-term delivery
Low birth weight
Perinatal death
environmental tobacco smoke
Smoke from other people's tobacco products; also called secondhand smoke or passive smoking
sidestream smoke
Smoke which goes into the air directly from a burning cigarette, cigar, or smoking pipe
mainstream smoke
The exhaled smoke released after taking a puff on a lit cigarette
which type of smoke, mainstream or sidestream, contains the most harmful compounds
Sidestream smoke
third-hand smoke
Residual nicotine and other chemicals left on a variety of indoor surfaces by tobacco smoke. This residue is thought to react with common indoor pollutants to create a toxic mix
percentage of smokers who are successful at quitting for a year
7%
average number of attempts required for successful smoking cessation
7