Health Chapter 16

mucous membranes

produce mucus, which moisten the air and traps bacteria and dust particles before they reach the lungs

cilia

are tiny hairlike structures that are in constant motion

sinuses

above the nasal cavity are serval hollow spaces or.......

pharynx

throat

trachea

also called the windpipe; pathway through which air moves from the pharynx into the chest

epiglottis

blocks off the opening of the trachea when you swallow, preventing food from entering the trachea

larynx

or voice box, is found at the top of the trachea

bronchi

in the chest cavity the trachea divides to form 2 the cartilage ringed tubes and ........ that go thought each lung

lungs

are the elastic, spongy organs through which the body absorbs oxygen

bronchioles

smallest lung tubes

alveoli

are located at the end of bronchioles; tiny sacs

diaphragm

a dome shaped muscle that lies just below the lungs, is the main muscle involved in breathing

influenza

or flu commonly include fever, headache, muscle aches, sore troats, and a cough

Pneumonia

is an infection in which fluids accumulate in the alveoli, decreases the lungs ability to take in oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide

tuberculsis

is a chronic, or long term bacterial disease that affects the lungs and other parts of the body

asthma

is a disorder in which the air passages become narrower than normal

allergy

which is a reaction of the body to an irritating substance

bronchitis

is an inflammation and swelling of the mucous membranes

emphysema

is a respiratory disorder in which the alveoli lose their ability to expand and contract

blood

brings oxygen , nutrients, and other necessary materials to your body cells and carries waste products away

cardiovascular system

provides a pathway through which blood can carry materials throughout your body

heart

is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body

atrium

receives blood entering the heart

ventricle

which is the chamber that pumps blood from the heart to the rest of the body

pulmonary circulation

the pathway that blood follows from teh heart to the lungs

systemic circulation

is the route that blood travels from the heart to most of the body and then back to the heart

pacemaker

it helps regulate the rate at which the heart beats or contracts

arteries

the thick walled elastic vessels that carry blood away from the heart

aorta

which is apart of the systemic circulation; largest artery in the body

coronary arteries

carry blood to the heart muscle itself

arterioles

as an artery enters an organ or tissue it branches to form smaller blood vessels

capillaries

the smallest blood vessels in the body

venules

small blood vessels that join together to form veins

blood pressure

is the force with which blood pushes against the walls of the blood vessels

systolic pressure

is the force caused by the surge of blood that moves to the result of the contraction of the ventricles

diastolic pressure

force recorded when the ventricles are relaxed

plasma

liquid part of blood

red blood cells

are more numerous than any other type of blood cells

white blood cells

help protect the body against diseases and foreign substances

platelets

are pieces of cells that start the process of blood clotting

blood group

or blood type is a classification based on whether certain proteins are present on the surface of the red blood cells

rh factor

determines a blood group called the rh group

atherosclerosis

is a build up of cholesterol and other fatty materials on artery walls which restrict blood

coronary heart disease

when the coronary arteries become clogged as a result of atherosclerosis ................results

heart attack

occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked

congenital heart disorder

when structural problems of the heart are present at birth

rheumatic heart disease

which damages the valves of the heart

hypertension

blood pressure that is consistently higher than normal

stroke

in which the blood flow to a part of the brain is suddenly cut off

anemia

a condition in which there are too few red blood cells or too little hemoglobin in the blood

sickle cell disease

is a condition in which red blood cells curve into a sickle shape because of a flaw in the hemoglobin

aerobic exercise

is repetitive, nonstop physical activity that raises the breathing and heart rates