Health Chapter 10 Test

Nutrition

The process by which your body takes in and uses food.

Nutrients

Substances in good that your body needs to grow, to repair itself, and to supply you with energy.

Calorie

A unit of heat used to measure the energy your body uses and the energy it receives from food

Hunger

The natural physical drive to eat, prompted by the body's need for food.

Appetite

The psychological desire for food

4 reasons we eat

Family and culture, friends, time and money, and advertising

3 sources of energy for the body

Carbs, proteins, and fats.

Carbs

Starches and sugars found in foods, which provide your body's main source of energy

Cal/gram

Carbs (4) fat (9) protein (4)

3 types of carbs

Simple, complex, and fiber.

Fiber

A tough complex carb that the body cannot digest

Protein

Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain it's cells and tissues

Unsaturated fat

Vegetable oils, nuts, seeds: eating these in moderate amounts may lower your risk of heart disease

Saturated fat

Meat, dairy, and plant oils; consuming too many may increase the risk of heart disease

Trans fat

Margarine, snack foods, packaged baked goods, such as cookies and crackers; higher risk than saturated fats

Cholesterol

A waxy fat like substance

Vitamins

Compounds found in good that help regulate many body processes

4 fat source vitamins

A, D, E, and K.

5 water source vitamins

B, b2, b3, b6, and b12.

Osteoporosis

A condition in which the bones become fragile and break easily

Minerals

Elements found in food that are used by the body

5 parts of the food pyramid

Grains, vegetables, fruits, milk, and proteins

Nutrient dense foods

A high ratio of nutrients to calories

Food additives

Substances added to a food to produce a desired effect

Food borne illness

Food poisoning

Pasteurization

Treating a substance with heat to kill or slow the growth of pathogens

Cross contamination

The spreading of pathogens from one food to another

Food allergy

A condition in which the body's immune system reacts to substances in some foods

Food intolerance

A negative reaction to food that doesn't involve the immune system

Anaphylaxis

A condition in which the throat swells up an the heart has difficulty pumping

Water

The body's most important nutrient

Empty calories

Calories with no nutritional value

Celiac disease

A reaction to grain

Lactose intolerance

Body's inability to break down lactose