addictive drug
a substance that causes physiological or psychological dependence
nicotine
the addictive drug found in tobacco leaves
stimulant
a drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs
carcinogen
A cancer-causing substance
tar
a thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns
Carbon monoxide
A colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas
smokeless tobacco
tobacco that is sniffed through the nose, held in the mouth, or chewed
leukoplakia
white, thickened patches on mucous membrane tissue of the tongue or cheek
Short-Term Effects (4)
� Brain chemistry changes
� Respiration and heart rate increase
�Taste buds are dulled and appetite is reduced
�Users have bad breath, yellowed teeth, and smelly hair, skin, and clothes
Brain chemistry changes (short term effect)
The addictive properties ofnic- otine cause the body to crave more of the drug. The user may experience withdrawal symptoms, such as head- aches, nervousness, and trembling as soon as 30 minutes after the last tobacco use.
Respiration and heart rate increase (short term effect)
Breathing during physical activity becomes difficult and endurance is decreased. Nicotine may cause an irregular heart rate
Taste buds are dulled and appetite is reduced (short term effect)
Tobacco users often lose much of their ability to enjoy food.
Users have bad breath, yellowed teeth, and smelly hair, skin, and clothes (short term effect)
If tobacco use continues for any length of time, these unattractive effects can become permanent.
Long term effects (5)
� Chronic bronchitis
� Emphysema
� Lung cancer
� Coronary heart disease and stroke
� A weakened immune system
Chronic bronchitis (long term)
at they are useless. This leads to a buildup of tar in the lungs, causing chronic coughing and excessive mucus secretion.
Emphysema (long term)
is a disease that destroys the tiny air sacs in the lungs. The air sacs become less elastic, making it more difficult for the lungs to absorb oxygen. A person with advanced emphysema uses up to 80 percent of his or her energy just to breathe.
Lung cancer (long term)
can develop when the cilia in the bronchi are destroyed, and extra mucus cannot be expelled. Can- cerous cells can multiply, block the bronchi, and move to the lungs. Nearly 90 percent oflung cancer deaths are caused by smoking.
Coronary heart disease and stroke (long term)
can be caused by nic- otine. Nicotine constricts blood vessels, which cuts down blood flow to the body's limbs. Nicotine also contributes to plaque buildup in the blood vessels, which can lead
~ READINGCHECK
Describe Name two ways in which the health of l
A weakened immune system (long term)
from long-term tobacco use makes the body more vulnerable to disease.
Nervous system
Addiction
Stroke
Respiratory system
Coughing or "smokers hack"
Chronic bronchitis
emphysema
lung cancer
digestive system
Cancers of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus
Gum recession, tooth, decay, tooth loss
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Cancers of the stomach and pancreas
Circulatory system
Increased heart ate and blood pressure
Hardened arteries, decreased blood flow
Heart attack, stroke
Excretory system
Cancer of the bladder
Cancer of the kidneys
Making the decision to avoid the use of tobacco products
will safeguard your health (3)
�Costs to society
�Cost to individuals
� Legal consequences
Costs to society
Tobacco-related illnesses cost the United States about $165 billion each year. Productivity suffers when smokers call in sick due to tobacco-related illnesses.
Cost to individuals
A person smoking one pack of ciga- rettes a day will spend about $1,500 a year on the habit.
Legal consequences
Selling tobacco products to individuals under the age of 18 is illegal. Using tobacco products on school property may lead to suspension or expulsion.
Deaths of lung cancer annually
123,800
Deaths of other cancers annually
34,700
Deaths of chronic lung cancer annually
90,600
Death of coronary heart disease annually
86,800
Death of strokes annually
17,400
Deaths of other diagnoses annually
84,600
Why do teens begin using tobacco?
Believe it will help with stress, make them mature, and movie influences.
factors contribute to why kids don't smoke (5)
Tobacco legislation
No-smoking policies.
Family values
Positive peer pressure
Health risks
Tobacco legislation
In 1998, tobacco companies and
46 states reached a legal settlement that restricts tobacco advertising aimed at young people. Tobacco companies are required to fund ads that discour-
age young people from smoking. It is
illegal for anyone under the age of
No-smoking policies.
Legislation has limited smoking in public places and busi- nesses.
Family values
Teens whose parents avoid tobacco use are more likely to avoid tobacco use themselves
Positive peer pressure
Teens who do not smoke act as healthy role models for other teens.
Health risks.
More teens understand that tobacco use can lead to diseases, such as health disease, cancer, and respiratory problems
Strategies for avoiding tobacco
Surround yourself with positive influences
Reduce peer pressure
Be prepared with refusal skills
Teens who use tobacco give these reasons for quitting:
They begin to have health problems, such as asthma, coughing, or respiratory infections.
� They realize the high cost of tobacco or find it difficult to purchase tobacco products ifthey are under 18.
� They realize that using tobacco can lead to other ris
Nicotine withdrawal
the process that occurs in the body when nicotine, an addictive drug, is no longer used.
nicotine substitutes
products that deliver small amounts of nicotine into the user's system while he or she is trying to give up the tobacco habit.
tobacco cessation program
a course that provides information and help to people who want to stop using tobacco
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS),
or secondhand smoke, is air that has been contaminated by tobacco smoke
mainstream smoke
the smoke exhaled from the lungs of a smoker,
sidestream smoke
the smoke from the burning end ofa cigarette, pipe, or cigar.
ETS can cause
eye irritation, headaches, ear infections, and coughing in people of all ages
What can happen if a pregnant woman smokes?
This increases the risk of impaired fetal growth, spontaneous miscarriage and prena- tal death, premature delivery, low birth weight, deformities, and stillbirths. The infant may also suffer from growth and developmental problems during early childhood.
SIDS
sudden infant death syndrome
Infected Babies can also get
asthma attacks, ear infections, or respiratory tract infections.
Health risks of young children
� Children of smokers tend to have a higher incidence of sore throats, ear infections, and upper respiratory problems than children of nonsmokers.
� Secondhand smoke can slow lung development. Children who live with smokers are more likely to have weaker
Healthy People 2010
to reduce tobacco use and the number of tobacco-related deaths.
A(n) stimulant is a cancer-causing substance.
Carcinogen
Tobacco users can become addicted to the carbon monoxide in tobacco.
Nicotine
When tobacco burns, it produces a thick, sticky, dark fluid known as leukoplakia.
Tar
Which physical response is NOT caused by nicotine?
Reduced oxygen in the blood
Leukoplakia can develop into which condition?
Oral cancer
Which of the following are ways that tobacco harms the cardiovascular system?
Increased heart rate, hardened arteries, increased risk of heart attack
Which of the following is a way that tobacco use immediately affects the body?
Increased heart rate
Is smokeless tobacco less harmful than cigarettes?
No because it still contains tobacco
How does nicotine cause an increased risk of stroke?
It can reduce blood flow
How can using tobacco impact the social life of a user?
They smell like smoke
Which is a strategy to keep you from becoming a tobacco user?
practicing refusal statements
Which of the following is a reason that a teen tobacco user should quit the habit?
They will experience health problems
Why do people who are trying to quit tobacco experience physical symptoms such as irritability and anxiety?
They are experiencing nicotine withdrawal