Superstress/chronic stress ultimately translates into ____
chronic disease
Sociology of stress if best acknowledge by:
social networking
____, _____, and ______ are significant threads in the social fabric.
technology, economy, and environment
Each of us is a product of our _____.
culture.
Techno-stress:
a term used to define the result of a fast-paced life dependent on various means of technology, including, computers, cell phones
Communication tsunami:
test messaging
email
twitter
linkedin
facebook
Shallow effect:
a shallow understanding of a complicated issue that is caused by information grazing.
Types of Technostress:
1. information overload
2. Boundaries
3. privacy
4. Ethics
5. less family time
6. computer dating
7. wi-fi stress
8. technology and generational divide
Screen addiction:
dependence on technology, computers, smartphones and iPads
Civility:
the practice of good manners and appropriate behavior
environmental disconnect:
a state in which people have distanced themselves so much form the natural environment that they cannot fathom the magnitude of their impact on it.
nature deficit disorder:
a term coined by Richard Louv to describe the growing abyss between people and the outdoor world.
water facts:
-2.5% of all earths water is considered fresh
- two-thirds of all fresh water is frozen
-the amount of clean water is fixed, yet the global population continues to increase
- days of accessible, clean, free water are coming to an end
- experts predict that water is the new oil; waters will be fought over water
- Americans use about 100 gallons of water per day
occupational stress:
job related stress, which often comes from occupational duties for which people perceive themselves as having a great deal of responsibility, yet little or no authority or decision making latitude.
CHP 1:
Definition of Stress
A perceived threat (real or imagined) to our mind, body, spirit, or emotions
Holistic medicine:
a healing approach that honors the integration, balance, and harmony of mind, body, spirit, and emotions to promote inner peace. Every technique used in stress management is considered to support the concept of holistic medicine.
Walter Cannon
Twentieth- century Harvard physiologist who conined the term "flight for fight
Stress reaction
the body's initial (central nervous system) reaction to perceive threat.
Freeze response
part of the stress response, where the individual neither fights nor flees but freezes like a deer caught in the headlights, paralyzed as if the person has forgotten to run.
Flight-or-Fight Response
a term coined by Walter Cannon; the instinctive physiological responses preparing the body, when confronted with a threat, to either fight or flee; an evolutionary survival dynamic.
Fight is triggered by?
Anger or aggression
Flight is triggered by?
Fear, PTSD's experience the "freeze" response where the body tries to do both
Stage 1 of fight or flight response?
Stimuli from one or more of the five senses are sent to the brain (scream, smell of fire, taste of poison, passing truck in your lane)
Stage 2 of fight or flight response?
Brain deciphers as either a threat or non-threat. If not a threat, response is over. If it is a threat, brain activates nervous and endocrine systems to quickly prepare for defense and/or escape
Stage 3 of fight or flight response?
Body stays activated, aroused, or "keyed up" till threat is over
Stage 4 of fight or flight response?
Body returns to homeostasis, calmness, once threat is gone
Homeostasis
a physiological state of complete calmness or rest; markers include resting heart rate, blood pressure and ventilation.
Stress Response:
The release of epinephrine and nor-epinephrine to prepare various organs and tissues for fight of flight.
Tend and befriend:
a theory presented by Shelley Taylor that states that woman who experience stress don't necessarily run or fight, but rather turn to friends to cope with unpleasent events and circumstances.
Hormone oxytocin:
trusting" and the "social affiliation" hormone -enhanced by estrogen
Co-rumination:
stress based conversations between women as a means of coping by finding support among friends.
3 types of stress:
Eustress (good stress)
Neustress (neutral stress)
Distress (bad stress)
Eustress:
good stress; any stressor that motivates an individual toward an optimal level of performance or health. Example: falling in love, enjoyable situation
Neutress:
any kind of information or sensory stimulus that is perceive as unimportant or inconsequential. Example: news of an earthquake in a remote part of the world
Distress:
the unfavorable or negative interpretation of an event (real of imagined) to be threating that promotes continued feelings of fear or anger; more commonly known simply as stress.
Two kinds of distress:
1. Acute stress: stress that is intense in nature but short in duration
2. Chronic Stress: stress that is not as intense as acute stress but that lingers for prolonged period of time (e.g. financial problems).
Yerkes-Dodson Principle:
the theory that some stress (eustress) is necessary for health and performance but that beyond an optimal amount both will deteriorate as stress increases.
Stressors:
any real or imagined situation, circumstance, or stimulus that is perceived to be a threat.
3 types of Stressors
1. Bioecological Influences
2. Psychointrapersonal Influences
3. Social Influences
Bioecological Influences:
External influences
Examples: technological changes-jet lag, new threats-GMOs, synthetic chemicals, potential bioecological influences-noise pollution, environmental toxins
Psychointrapersonal Influences:
Greatest percentage of stressors. Involve our thoughts values, beliefs, attitudes, opinions, and perceptions that we use to defend our egos.
Goal: to "nip it in the bud" stop stressor while still in mind before it effects body
Social Influences:
Explain the plight of individuals who are unable to cope with the given environment. Overcrowding, financial stressors, major life changes
3 categories of biological rhythms:
1. circadian rhythms: fluctuations in physiological functions over the course of a 24-hour period (e.g. body temperature)
2. ultradian rhythms: fluctuations that occur over less than a 24-hour period (such as stomach contractions and cell divisions)
3. infradian rhythms: biological rhythms that occur less than once in a 24-hour period (e.g., women's menstrual period). These can be affected by stress.
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD):
the physiological response to lack of sunlight that results in feelings of depression .
Life-change units:
a unit of measurement that corresponds to items on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale.
Social Readjustment Rating Scale:
an inventory of life events that may be perceive to be stressful, used to determine one's level of stress.
Social Readjustment Rating Scale UNITS:
150-199= mid life crisis
200-299= moderate life crisis
300+= major life crisis
150 pts is demarcation between exposure to stress and health-related porblems
Richard Lazarus:
renowned stress researcher credited with the concept of daily life hassles.
Daily life hassles:
occasional hassles, like locking your keys in your car, when combined with many other annoyances in the course of a day, create a critical mass of stress.
The General Adaption Syndrome
(Hans Selye) a process in which the body tries to accommodate stress by adapting to it.
Stage 1- Alarm reaction
Alarm Reaction: Fight or flight response
Stage 2- Stage of resistance
Stage of Resistance: Body tries to revert back to homeostasis by resisting the alarm, but metabolism can still be high (nervous, worried)
Stage 3- stage of exhaustion
Stage of Exhaustion: over time, organs show signs of dysfunction
Types of college stress:
1. roommate dynamics
2. professional pursuits
3. academic deadlines
4. financial aid and school loans
5. budgeting your money
6. lifestyle behaviors
7. peer groups and peer pressure (drugs and alcohol)
8. Exploring sexuality
9. Friendships
10. Intimate relationships
11. Starting a professional career path
What are the top 2 impediments to college student success
Stress and Sleep Difficulties
Primary cause of insomnia
Emotional Stress
Sleep hygiene:
factors that affect one's quality of sleep, from hormonal changes and shift work to excessive caffeine intake.
Recommended hours of sleep?
06-Oct
Three Types of Insomnia
1.Transient (short term)
2.Intermitten (occurs on and off)
3.Chronic (inability to achieve restful night for many months)
4 effective Holistic Stress Management:
1. Knowledge of body's reaction to perceived stress
2. Knowledge of mental, physical, emotional, and spiritual factors
3.Use of several effective coping techniques to work toward solving problem
4.Regular practice of relaxation techniques to maintain homeostasis
paradigm shift:
moving from one perspective of reality to another
Rene Descartes:
a seventeenth-century scientist and philosopher credited with the reductionist method of Western science. He is equally renowned for his influential philosophy of the separation of mind and body as well as the statement, " I think, therefore I am.
Issac Newton:
an eighteenth-century physicist who advocated the mechanistic paradigm of the universe, which was then adapted to the human body.
Mechanistic model:
a health model based on the concept that the body is a machine with parts that can be repaired or replaced.
Albert Einstein:
a world renowned theoretical physicist who revolutionized perceptions of reality with the equation e-mc^2, suggesting that everything is energy. His later years focused on a spiritual philosophy including pacifism.
alternative medicine:
modalities of healing (homeostasis) that include nearly all forms of stress management techniques. Also known as complementary or integrative medicine.
Wellness paradigm definition:
the integration, balance, and harmony of mental, physical, emotional and spiritual, well-being through taking responsibility for one's own health; posits that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.
Wellness Paradigm model:
Spiritual well-being, Emotional well-being, Mental well-being, Physical well-being
mental well-being:
the ability to gather, process, recall, and communicate information.
physical well-being:
the optimal functioning of the body's eight physiological systems.
emotional well-being:
the ability to feel and express the full range of human emotions and to control these feelings, not be be controlled by them.
spiritual well being:
the state of mature higher consciousness deriving from insightful relationships with oneself and others, a strong value system, and meaningful purposeful in life.
CH.2
Sociology:
the study of human social behavior within families, organizations and institutions; the study of the individual in relationship to society as a whole.
Future shock:
stress that accompanies a proliferation of change (technology, urban sprawl, and information)