a disease that can be transmitted by sexual contact; some can also be transmitted by other means
sexually transmitted disease or sexually transmitted infection
virus that causes HIV infection and AIDS
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
generally fatal, incurable, sexually transmitted viral disease
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
when did the epidemic of AIDS begin
1981
how many people have been infected since the epidemic of AIDS began in 1981
65 million people
how many people in the US are living with HIV infection
1.7 million people
chronic, progressive viral infection that damages the immune system
HIV infection
type of white blood cell that helps coordinate the activity of the immune system
cd4t cell
what happens when there is a decrease in the number of cd4t cells
it is correlated with the severity of HIV related illnesses
what are people with aids vulnerable to
secondary, or opportunistic, infections
how many years can HIV be asymptomatic
2 to 20 years
5 ways HIV is transmitted by
1. blood
2. blood products
3. semen
4. vaginal and cervical secretions
5. breast milk
contact ways HIV is transmitted
-sexual contact
-contact with infected blood
-between mother and child
what does HIV weaken
immune system
infections that HIV causes
pneumocystis pneumonia and kapok's sarcoma
what is increasingly reported due to HIV
tuberculosis
determines whether a person has antibodies to HIV in the bloodstream
HIV antibody test
diagnosis resulting from the presence of HIV in the bloodstream
HIV positive
what is an HIV positive diagnosis also referred to as
seropositive
can significantly alter course of the disease and extend life
HIV medications
4 main antiviral drugs used for HIV treatment
1.reverse transcriptase inhibitors
2.protease inhibitors
3.integrase inhibitors
4.entry inhibitors
area of major concern with HIV treatment
cost
the best hope for stopping the spread of HIV
safe, effective, and inexpensive vaccine
highest risk of HIV infection
anal and vaginal intercourse
protective barriers to use during oral-genital or oral-anal sexual contact suggested by experts
latex squares and dental dams
an STI transmitted by the pathogenic bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis
chlamydia
what can chlamydia lead to if left untreated
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
what can chlaymdia do to women
lead to infertility
STI transmitted by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae
gonorrhea
age group with the highest incidences of gonorrhea
15 to 24 year olds
what can untreated gonorrhea lead to
PID in women
urethritis and epididymitis in men
what can happen to infants of infected mothers
they can contract an eye infection that can lead to blindness
infection that progresses from the vagina and cervix to the uterus, oviducts, and pelvic cavity
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
who is pelvic inflammatory disease a major complication in
10 to 40 percent of women with untreated chlamydia or gonorrhea
what percent of women with PID have long term problems when treated successfully
about 25 percent
leading cause of infertility in young women
PID
virus that causes human warts, including genital warts
human papillomavirus (HPV)
sexually transmitted viral infection characterized by growths on the genitals caused by HPV
genital warts
2 HPV vaccines
1. gardasil
2. cervarix
sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus
genital herpes
2 types of herpes simplex virus
-HSV 1
-HSV 2
which type of HSV is more common
HSV 1
what percent of adults have antibodies to HSV 1
50 to 80 percent
how is HSV 2 transmitted
almost always sexually, including during oral sex
how are newborns usually infected with HSV
during passage through the birth canal of an infected mother
sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema palladium
syphilis
how can syphilis be treated effectively
with antibiotics
what is syphilis caused by
Treponema pallidum (cork screw shaped bacterium)
what does syphilis pass through
any break or opening in the skin or mucous membranes
the only sure way to avoid exposure to STIs
to abstain from sexual activity
common STDs that can be treated and cured
bacterial STIs
3 common bacterial STDs
- chlamydia
- gonorrhea
- syphilis
common STDs that can be treated but NOT cured
viral STIs
4 common viral STDs
- herpes simplex
-HPV
- hepatitis B
- HIV/AIDS