antibody
blood protein produced in response to a specific antigen
communicable disease
disease spread from one organism to another or through environment
phagocyte
white blood cells that attack invading pathogens
pandemic
global outbreak of an infectious disease
pathogen
bacteria, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease
bacteria
single-celled microorganism that lives almost everywhere on earth
Giardia
intestinal parasite that infects the digestive system; comes from recreational water
Pneumonia
infection of the lungs where air sacs fill with pus/other liquids
immune system
network of cells, tissues, organs, and chemicals that fight off pathogens
lymphocyte
specialized white blood cell that coordinates/performs many functions of specific immunity
virus
piece of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat that acts against specific antigen
infection
process of infecting/state of being infected; pathogens multiply and damage cells
active immunity
immunity that results from the production of antibodies that are exposed to invading pathogens by the immune system
athlete's foot
fungal infection affecting the skin between the toes
hepatitis C
most common blood-borne infection in U.S.; results from cirrhosis of the liver
cirrhosis
scarring of the liver tissue
live-virus vaccine
vaccine that takes an infectious agent and makes it harmless/less virulent
emerging infections
infectious disease whose incidence has increased in the past 2 decades and could increase in near future
enzymes in tears, saliva, and gastric juice
example of chemical barriers
flies, ticks, mosquitoes, and birds
examples of common vector
salmonella and E. Coli
examples of bacteria that live in the intestinal track
helper T cells
What triggers the production of B cells and killer T cells?
the respiratory tract
Where do many communicable diseases begin?
puncture wounds, childbirth, contact with infected people or animals
examples of direct contact
pathogens become drug-resistant
What contributes to the spread of emerging pathogens?
sore throat, fever, and enlarged lymph nodes
symptoms of strep throat
wash your hands
most important way to protect yourself from catching a disease
colds and strep throat
examples of respiratory tract diseases
virus or bacteria
What causes pneumonia?
coordinate/perform many functions of specific immunity
What do lymphocytes do?
fluid in cells from bloodstream cause swelling
What happens during the inflammatory response?
the immune system
What is a chemical barrier part of?
killed-virus vaccines
What uses dead pathogens?
Lyme disease, west Nile virus, and malaria
examples of diseases spread by vectors
Avian influenza, Mad cow disease, and Lyme disease
examples of emerging diseases
direct and indirect contact; airborne
ways in which disease can be spread