Foundations of Counseling

Is the person I am seeing ________ in strange, peculiar, and pathological ways or are they ______ to strange, peculiar, and pathological things.

behaving, responding

It's impossible to do...

nothing

Belief

lens through which I send and receive information

When I change the way I think about things...

then the things I think about change

All models have:

Legitimacy, Validity, Limits

If you say something often enough...

you will start to believe it and you will start to behave consistent with that belief.

Clifford Beers said

always see the potential that someone has to offer

Clifford Beers wrote

A Mind that Found Itself

Meyer said...

mental illness are outcomes of the interactions between individuals and their environments

Psychometrics

study of individual differences

Three Must Ask Categories

risk assessment; substance use; abuse

Six Feature of an Effective Counselor

� Empathy
� Countertransference
� Reflexivity
� Ability to Tolerate Ambiguity
� Working Alliance
� Reflexive Practice

Template for Counseling

� Assessment
� Diagnostic Impression
� Considered interventions
� Chosen Interventions
� Evaluation of Interventions

ASCA Model: American School Counselor Association

1. Foundation
2. Delivery
3. Management
4. Accountability

ASCA Foundation

identify personal beliefs

ASCA Delivery

how services are provided

ASCA Management

assessments and tools

ASCA Accountability

demonstrate effectiveness in measurable terms

What is assessed in career counseling?

� Aptitude
� Personality
� Interests
� Skills

Who is the father of vocational/guidance counseling?

Frank Parsons

Ethnocentric Monoculturalism

Values, assumptions, beliefs and practices in society that are structured in a way to serve only one narrow segment of the population

Social Justice Approach

(a) the locus of the problem may reside in the social system rather than the individual
(b) behaviors that violate social norms may not be disordered or unhealthy
(c) while remediation is important, prevention is a more effective long-term solution
(d) So

Locus of Responsibility

measures the degree of responsibility or blame placed on the individual or system

Internal Locus of Control

refers to person's beliefs that reinforcements are contingent upon their own actions and that they can shape their fates.

External Locus of Control

refers to person's beliefs that reinforcing events occur independently of their actions and that the future is determined more by chance and luck.

total pain

physical, psychological and spiritual

Elizabeth Kubler-Ross

Denial, anger, depression, bargaining, acceptance

Violence

the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against a person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death or psychological harm, maldevelopment or deprivation.

Dispositional method of viewing trauma

this traditional approach looks for genetic make-up, personality traits, motives, personal pathologies, character, the sick person, the sinner. WHO?

Situational method of viewing trauma

his approach assumes people and situations are usually in a state of dynamic interaction and asks WHAT?

Moral Disengagement:

Re-define harmful behavior as honorable
Diffusing or displacing personal responsibility
Ignore, distort, minimize or disbelieve negative consequences of our conduct
Reconstruct our perception of victims as deserving their punishment and dehumanize them th

Four Canons of Science

Determinism, empiricism, parsimony, testability