Jacob Moreno
Coined term "group therapy" in 1931, father of psychodrama
Pratt
First counseling groups in 1905 on tuberculosis
Davis
Introduced groups into schools in 1907
Slavson
Used groups with children, started American Group Psychotherapy Association in 1942
Alcoholics Anonymous
First self-help group, 1930s
Lewin
Started training groups (T-groups) in 1960s, referred to group cohesiveness as "positive valence
Reality Distortion
Environment of group is different than the outside world
Role Differentiation
Process where members adopt different roles within group
Johari Window
Used to explain self-disclosure - there are 4 quadrants of information depending on whether it's known/unknown to self and known/unknown to others
Gatekeeping
Occurs when leader and members insist on sticking to group norms
Blocking
Resisting behavior by member that slows group progress - often seen as silence or non-participation
Informing
When a member talks about another member outside of group
Sociogram
Graphical representations of group member interaction patterns, shows the star, cluster and isolate members
Forming Stage
Stage that includes discussion of norms and rules
Transition Stage
Stage that includes testing boundaries and power structures, members compete for rank, form alliances, test the leader - also called "storming" stage
Working Stage
Stage where committed members work to achieve goals
Termination Stage
Stage that includes closure of the group and summarization
Process Evaluation
Assessment of group dynamics
Outcome Evaluation
Assessment of how members are different because of group work
Hill Interaction Matrix
Instrument used to measure screening and selection
Primary Group
Preventative group that tries to ward off problems - ex. family planning group
Secondary Group
Group that tries to reduce the severity of a problem - ex. grief or shyness group
Tertiary Group
Group that deals the more serious and longstanding individual problems
Norms
Rules governing expected behavior of group members
Risky Shift Phenomenon
Group's decision will be less conservative than the average members' individual decision; ex. group of teens wilder than an individual teen
T-group
Training group, often used in business to address relationships between employees
Role Conflict
Discrepancy between way a member is supposed to behave and how they actually behave
Horizontal Intervention
Strategy that works with whole group - also called interpersonal because it focuses on interactions
Vertical Intervention
Strategy that works with individuals within the group - also called intrapersonal
8-10
What is best number of members for an adult group?
Democratic
Which kind of group leader facilitates interaction and guides members to make decisions?
Telling leader
Leader with high task behaviors and low relationship behaviors
Selling leader
Leader with high task and high relationship behaviors
Participating leader
Leader with low task and high relationship behaviors
Delegating leader
Leader with low task and low relationship behaviors
Trust
What is the most important trait in a group?
Psychodrama
Moreno - technique where you act out situations in group - roles include director (therapist), protagonist (member who's re-enacting), auxiliary egos (members who assist)
I
Which quadrant of the Johari Window includes information known to others and self such as gender or what you're wearing?
II
Which quadrant of the Johari Window includes information unknown to others but known to yourself such as fear of failure, inadequacy?
III
Which quadrant of the Johari Window includes information known to others but unknown to yourself such as facial expressions?
IV
Which quadrant of the Johari Window includes information unknown to others or self such as family of origin issues?
Planned
What kind of group is restricted to people with a demonstrated need in a themed area, such as parenting skills, addiction group for teens?
Spontaneous
What kind of group has no planned content and is more for personal growth and support?
6-8
What is the best number of members for a teen group?
2-4
What is the best number of members for a kids group (ages 3-9)?
Closed
What kind of group allows no new members once the group begins?
Authoritarian
What kind of group leader takes control of the group and sets the agenda and rules?
Laissez-faire
Which kind of group leader assumes little leadership and lacks structure or directiveness?
Sociogram
What group therapy tool includes stars, clusters, and isolates?