Which humanistic approach emphasizes the basic attitudes of the therapist as the core of the therapeutic process?
person-centered therapy
Presenting one model to which all trainees subscribe
is dangerous in that it can limit their effectiveness in working with a diverse range of future clients
Which of these statements about interventions is true?
During the course of an individual's therapy, different interventions may be needed at different times
Which approach was developed during the 1940s as a nondirective reaction against psychoanalysis?
person-centered therapy
It is especially important for counselors who work with culturally diverse client populations to
examine their own assumptions about cultural values ,have a broad base of counseling techniques that can be employed with flexibility, consider the cultural context of their clients in determining what interventions are appropriate, be aware of their own
In the text, all of the following are listed as characteristics of the counselor as a therapeutic person except
counselors no longer have to cope with personal problems
Personal therapy for therapists can be instrumental in assisting them:
a.
to work through their own personal conflicts.
b.
to understand their own needs and motives for choosing to become professional helpers.
c.
to gain an experiential sense of what it is like to be a client.
d.
to heal their own psychological wounds.
Culturally encapsulated counselors would be most likely to:
depend entirely on their own internalized value assumptions about what is good for people.
Essential components of effective multicultural counseling include all of the following except:
Counselors avoid becoming involved in out-of-office interventions.
According to the text, the challenge of providing informed consent consists of:
striking a balance between giving clients too much and too little information about the therapeutic process.
Privileged communication does not apply to
a.
family therapy
b.
child and adolescent therapy
c.
couples counseling
d.
group counseling
Attributing to others the qualities or traits that are unacceptable to our own ego is best described as:
projection.
A major characteristic of the classical psychoanalytic therapist is:
a focus on specific behavior and an objective appraisal of learned patterns of behavior.
The "fundamental rule" for the client in psychoanalysis is:
participating in free association.
The concept of resistance can best be described as:
a.
everything that prevents a client from producing unconscious material.
b.
that which needs to be analyzed and interpreted.
c.
an unwillingness to freely share with the analyst certain thoughts and feelings.
d.
an inevitable part of psychoanalytic thera
Manufacturing "good" reasons to explain away a bruised ego, or to explain away failures or losses, is known as:
rationalization.
What is the correct sequence of the psychosexual stages?
oral/anal/phallic/latency/genital
A person experiencing persistent feelings of inadequacy has probably had difficulty attaining a sense of ____ during the____ stage.
intimacy; young adulthood
Self psychology and object-relations theory emphasize:
the differentiation between self and others.
b.
the origins, transformations and organizational functions of the self.
c.
the influence of critical factors in early development on later development.
The primary aim of time limited dynamic psychotherapy is to:
change the client's repetitive patterns of relating to others.
From a multicultural perspective, classical analysis may:
underscore the role of important cultural and political factors in the client's world.
b.
discourage clients who do not hold upper-middle-class values.
c.
be problematic for clients from cultures that prefer a directive approach.
Which of the following is not a component of the brief psychodynamic approaches?
none of these
All of the following are true about a therapist's countertransference reactions except:
they should be avoided.
It is of paramount importance that therapists develop some level of objectivity and not react defensively and subjectively in the face of:
anger.
b.
love.
c.
criticism.
d.
adulation.
Analytic therapy is oriented toward:
achieving insight.
Which is (are) true concerning one's style of life?
The lifestyle is largely set by the age of 6.
b.
One's style of life is learned from early interactions in the family.
c.
All people have a lifestyle, but no two people develop exactly the same style.
d.
One's style of life is a reaction to perceived infe
Which of the statements below about social interest is true?
While Adler considered social interest to be innate, he also believed that it must be learned, developed, and used.
Dr. Jones told Emily that her efforts to overcome her fear of test taking at school will most likely lead her to outperform all of her classmates one day. This intervention:
was inappropriate because Dr. Jones was confusing Adler's notion of superiority with the idea that her client would become superior over others.
The statement "Only when I receive everyone's approval will I be whole" is an example
something a personality disordered individual would say.
An Adlerian therapist asks for the client's earliest recollections in order to:
discover goals and motivations.
b.
give clues as to the development of that individual's lifestyle.
c.
reveal their beliefs and basic mistakes.
Adlerian therapy has a phenomenological orientation. Thus, the therapist attempts to view the world:
from the client's frame of reference.
When Adler spoke of individuality, he referred to:
the unique way we develop our own style of striving for competence.
Adler pioneered the practice of teaching professionals through live demonstrations with parents and children before large audiences. This is now called:
open-forum" family counseling.
The Adlerian approach is well suited to multicultural counseling because:
the approach encourages clients to define themselves within their social context.
The central issue in existential therapy is:
freedom and responsibility.
Which of the following is not true about Rollo May?
He believes that we can only escape anxiety by exercising our freedom.
Existentialists contend that the experience of relatedness to other human beings:
is healthy if balanced with aloneness.
For Sartre, existential guilt is what we experience when:
we allow others to define us or to make our choices for us.
Which of the following is not considered a basic dimension of the human condition?
striving for acceptance of others
In the book Staring at the Sun: Overcoming the Terror of Death (2008), ____develops the idea that confronting death enables us to live in a more compassionate way.
Irvin Yalom
From a scientific perspective, existential psychotherapy:
none
Existential therapy groups are particularly helpful for clients working on:
issues of responsibility.
Time-limited existential treatments:
mirror the time-limited reality of human existence.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the person-centered approach?
Emphasis is given to developing a contract for therapy.
Person-centered therapy is a(n):
humanistic approach to therapy.
Which of the statements below regarding Motivational Interviewing is not accurate?
MI stresses client self-responsibility and promotes an invitational style for working cooperatively with clients to generate alternative solutions to behavioral problems.
The person-centered philosophy views diagnosis as:
a labeling process that diminishes the therapist's ability to develop a holistic understanding of the client.
In applying the person-centered approach to crisis intervention, therapists:
communicate a deep sense of understanding.
b.
use a more structured approach and provide clients with some direction.
c.
provide genuine support and warmth.
Which of the following is not true about Carl Rogers?
He developed cognitive therapy.
Carl Rogers's position on confronting the client is that:
caring confrontations can be beneficial.
Carl Rogers drew heavily from existential concepts, especially as they apply to:
the client/therapist relationship.
Person-centered research has been conducted on:
treating specific behavioral problems.
b.
comparing the outcomes of person-centered therapy with other models.
c.
the hypothesized necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change.
d.
treatment of personality disorders.
Accurate empathic understanding helps clients to:
reconceptualize earlier experiences
b.
modify their perceptions of themselves, others, and the world.
c.
notice and value their experiences.
d.
increase their confidence in making choices and in pursuing a course of action.
e.
all of these.
Person-centered expressive arts therapy is founded all of the following notions except:
releasing creative energy is based on the principle of regression.
Field theory suggests that:
everything in human experience is relational and in constant flux.
Which of the following is not considered one of the six methodological components of Gestalt therapy?
assessment
The paradoxical theory of behavior change suggests:
clients should pay particular attention to becoming the person they wish to be.
Which of the following is not true about Fritz Perls?
During his childhood, he was a model student.
Which of the following is not one of Miriam Polster's three stages in her integration sequence?
reunification
Because of his need to be liked, Jose makes careful efforts to get along with everyone and minimizes interpersonal conflicts. Which boundary disturbance is Jose exhibiting?
confluence.
Without proper training, Gestalt therapists may:
evoke catharsis without having the ability to work it through with their client.
b.
design faulty experiments.
c.
may damage the therapeutic relationship with the client.
d.
may use ready-made techniques inappropriately.
Which of the statements below regarding emotion-focused therapy (EFT) is not true?
EFT was developed by Fritz Perls' wife, Laura.
Which of the following is true about "technical eclecticism" in multimodal therapy?
Therapists use techniques from various theoretical models without subscribing to the theory.
Which of the following distinguishes the cognitive trend in behavior therapy from the trends of classical and operant conditioning?
the integration of thoughts and feelings in the process of behavior change
Wolpe's systematic desensitization is based on the principles of:
classical conditioning.
In dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), skills are taught in four modules. Which among the following is not one of the modules listed in the text?
relapse prevention
is a key pioneer of clinical behavior therapy because of his broadening of its conceptual bases and development of multimodal therapy.
Arnold Lazarus.
All of the following are steps in the use of systematic desensitization except for:
hypnosis.
Techniques that differentiate behavioral group therapy from other models of group work include all but:
a time-limited intervention.
Third-generation behavior therapies have been developed that center around five interrelated core themes. Which of these is not one of the core themes?
a more precise focus on psychopathology
The founder of rational emotive behavior therapy is:
Albert Ellis.
REBT employs what kind of method to help people resolve their emotional and behavioral problems?
the empirical method
Cognitive restructuring plays an important role in whose approach to therapy?
Judith Beck
A feature of REBT that distinguishes it from other cognitive-behavioral therapies is:
its systematic exposition of irrational beliefs that result in emotional and behavioral disturbance.
Beck's cognitive therapy involves all of the options below except:
conducting a lifestyle assessment.
Sonia, a recovering alcoholic, is going through relapse prevention. During this process, it is likely that she will:
be taught to view any lapses that occur as "learning opportunities" rather than "catastrophic failures.
Which of the following is the correct order of the three phases of Meichenbaum's stress-inoculation program?
conceptual-rehearsal-application
An REBT therapist would contend that anxiety stems from:
the internal repetition of irrational sentences.
Which of the following REBT techniques helps a client gradually learn to deal with anxiety and challenge basic irrational thinking?
cognitive homework
The REBT technique that involves having clients imagine themselves in situations where they feel inappropriate feelings is called:
rational-emotive imagery.
Which REBT technique involves having the client do the very thing they avoid because of "what people might think?
shame-attacking exercises
All of the following are true as they apply to self-instructional therapy, except that:
it is an outgrowth of an approach used widely by crisis intervention workers called self-induced change therapy.
Which of the following is not true of Beck's cognitive therapy?
it asserts that irrational beliefs lead to emotional problems.
One of the main ways that Beck's cognitive therapy differs from Ellis's REBT is that in Beck's approach, more so than in Ellis's approach:
the quality of the therapeutic relationship is basic to the therapy process.
Stress inoculation training consists of all of the following except:
tapping into the unconscious realm
One strength of cognitive behavioral therapy group counseling is that:
emphasis is placed on symptom prevention.
The type of cognitive error that involves thinking and interpreting in all-or-nothing terms, or in categorizing experiences in either/or extremes, is known as:
polarized thinking.
The tendency for individuals to relate external events to themselves, even when there is no basis for making this connection, is known as:
personalization.
The concept of automatic thoughts plays a central role in whose theory?
Beck
Jim told Margie, a cognitive therapist who has adopted a constructivist perspective, that he is a prisoner of his dysfunctional past. Margie should do all of the following except:
encourage him to tell the rest of his story.
Reality therapy is best categorized as:
a form of cognitive behavior therapy.
The client's quality world consists of all of the following except:
insight
Which method(s) is (are) often used in reality therapy?
exploring a client's quality world
b.
the use of questioning
c.
behavior-oriented methods
d.
designing an action plan
Which of the following is not a function of the reality therapist?
focusing on areas in the client's life that need improvement so that he or she can achieve a "success identity
Which of the following is (are) a contribution of reality therapy?
It provides a structure for both clients and therapist to evaluate the degree and the nature of changes.
The core of reality therapy consists of:
teaching clients to take effective control of their own lives.
A limitation of this approach as it applies to multicultural counseling is:
oppressed clients may have little choice over their circumstances.
What do the four feminist philosophies (liberal, cultural, radical, and socialist feminism) have in common?
the same goal of activism
Which of the following themes would clients in feminist therapy be least likely to explore?
transference reactions toward their therapist
The relational-cultural theory emphasizes the vital role:
that relationships and connectedness with others play in the lives of women.
The postmodern view incorporates all of the following concepts except for the notion that:
reality is objectively defined.
All are true of solution-focused brief therapists except that they:
focus on the client's early childhood experiences.
Narrative therapy has been found to be particularly effective with diverse client populations for all of the following reasons except:
it allows clients to tell their unique stories from their perspective.
The techniques of externalization and developing unique events are associated primarily with:
the narrative approach.
A major contribution of Whitaker's approach to family therapy is:
spontaneity, creativity, and play as therapeutic factors in family therapy.
Structural family therapy includes all of the following goals except for bringing about structural change by:
the therapist taking a not-knowing stance with a family.
A potential limitation of the family systems model is:
a particular family member's needs may be overshadowed by the needs of the system.
Which of the following approaches would contend that normal personality development depends on the successful resolution of specific stages of development?
psychoanalytic therapy
Which of the following approaches to therapy focuses on the scientific method?
behavior therapy
According to traditional psychoanalytic therapy, the therapist:
remains anonymous.